油脂连续流酶法脱酸与功能酯的同步生成机制研究

我国是食用油生产和消费大国，脱酸是油脂加工的必要工序。酶法脱酸具有得率高，活性成分保留率高，环境友好等优点，但存在酶活性稳定性差，酰基受体单一，副产物难分离等瓶颈难题。申请人发现以甾醇为酰基受体酶法脱酸并一步制备富含甾醇酯油脂的新路径。在此基础上，本项目拟利用整体和填充型酶反应柱特有的“对流传质”和“产物移除”效应，构建高效、长期稳定的连续流酶反应器。优选甾醇、茶多酚等含羟基的新型酰基受体，开展油脂连续流酶促酯化脱酸研究，特别关注甾醇酯、茶多酚酯等有益脱酸产物的同步生成。针对连续流模式和酰基受体对脱酸影响不明的现状，拟以游离脂肪酸脱除和功能酯生成为指标，阐明连续流模式下新型受体对脱酸效率、酶活性与稳定性、脂肪酸结合偏好和产物结构的调控规律；联用分子模拟，动力学模型及油脂成分动态解析，揭示油脂连续流酶法脱酸和组成、品质变化的作用机制与关键控制点，为油脂绿色加工和高值化利用提供理论和技术支撑。

China is a large country in edible oil production and consumption. Deacidification is the necessary step of oil processing. Enzymatic deacidification has many advantages, such as high yield, high retention rate of active ingredients and environmental friendliness. However, there are some bottlenecks such as poor stability and activity of enzyme, less acyl receptor and difficult separation of by-products. A new pathway for enzymatic deacidification and simultaneous preparation of phytosterol ester-rich oils using sterols as acyl receptors was founded by the applicant. On this basis, the project intends to construct an efficient, long-term and stable continuous flow enzyme reactor by taking advantage of the unique "convective mass transfer" and "product removal" effects of the monolith and packed enzyme reaction column. Phytosterols and tea polyphenols containing hydroxyl groups were selected as the novel acyl receptors. The study on continuous flow enzymatic esterification and deacidification of oil will be carried out, and the researcher will pay special attention to the simultaneous generation of beneficial deacidification products such as phytosterol esters and tea polyphenol esters. In view of the current situation that the effects of continuous flow mode and acyl receptor effects on deacidification were unknown, the regulation of deacidification efficiency, enzyme activity and stability, types of fatty acid binding and product structure by new receptors under continuous flow mode will be clarified by taking free fatty acid removal and functional ester formation as indicators. The mechanism and key control points of continuous flow enzymatic deacidification and composition, quality change of oil will be revealed by combining molecular simulation, kinetic model and dynamic analysis of oil composition, which will provide theoretical and technical support for green processing and high value utilization of oil.