栽培烟草与花烟草杂交不亲和性变化及花粉管突破花柱阻碍机制的研究

种间杂交不亲和往往阻碍优质野生种质资源在育种中的应用，但以自交亲和作物为母本的杂交不亲和机制始终未获得深入研究。以自交亲和的栽培烟草Nicotiana tabacum cv. (gla.)S K326为母本与野生种花烟草（N.alata）杂交时通常表现为不亲和，花粉管受阻于花柱特定部位（子房往上0.81±0.10cm处），无法获得杂种。项目组4年多地重复实验发现，当母本花开始进入衰老阶段（始开期后48-120h）再进行授粉（也即延迟授粉），花粉管却可以突破花柱基部阻碍，继续生长进入子房受精，并获得经初步鉴定为杂种的种子和植株。本项目拟以此杂交组合为材料，从雌蕊细胞、组织形态、生理生化、基因转录和蛋白表达等层面开展研究，探索伴随栽培烟草花朵衰老进程，延迟授粉突破花柱杂交不亲和的形态、生理和分子基础，探究该组合杂交亲和性发生改变的机制，丰富种间杂交不亲和机制及克服杂交不亲和性方法的研究资料。

Interspecific crossing incompatibility was one of the main hinder to introduce beneficial charactars of wild species into cultispecies. But there were still no progress on the cross-incompatibility mechanism exploring self-compatible species as a female parent. In the cross-combination Nicotiana tabacum cv. (gla.)S K326×N.alata，pollen tubes stopped growing at the base of styles(0.81±0.10cm nearby the ovaries) and failed to set seeds. But if pollinated 48-120h after anthesis, the otherwise incompatibility (at the base of pistils) could be broke through. Pollen tubes of N.alata grew into ovaries, viable seeds were obtained and developed into plants, which were preliminarily indentified as hybrids. Cell mophlogy, physiology and biochemistry, gene transcription and protein translation were compared among pistils cross-pollinated at different developmental stages. In hoping to explore the physical and molecular basis of cross-incompatibility changing with the pistil aging, and rich research data on mechanism of interspecific crossing incompatibility and methods of improving it.