结合多源激光雷达和空气动力学的防护林防风效应模拟与评价

本课题从研究防护林结构对防风效应的影响机理问题出发，拟建立基于激光雷达点云与空气动力学的防护林结构的防风效应三维模拟与评价体系。采用无人机及背包式激光雷达与物理测量作为防护林单木及林分参数的估测手段，并融合视觉计算与图形学方法研建模型提取单木及林分生理与结构参数。以精准单木及林分三维结构模型与空气动力学理论为基础，采用湍流模型构造林带气旋空间风场模型，研究风力影响下的林带内外流固耦合模型。应用三维微气候模拟工具，将湍流模型嵌入三维模拟系统中，设计不同防护林配置组合，并对风场分布模拟效果进行定性定量化评价。选取典型样地，设计合理的采样点，对湍流模型模拟结果进行真实验证，并根据实验结果对模型进行修正。本研究以宁夏盐池地区防护林为研究对象，研究成果可以为防护林的规划设计提供理论依据和技术支撑，也将为防护林带风沙阻隔的荒漠化防治、植被下垫面风力阻遏下生态安全性评价等作出提供理论支撑和现实指导。

Based on the study of the interaction mechanism between shelterbelt structure and windbreak effect, we set up a three-dimension simulation and evaluation system of windbreak effect based on LIDAR point cloud and aerodynamics. First of all, UAV and knapsack lidar and physical measurement are used as the means of estimating shelter forest stand and stand parameters. Secondly, based on the precise single tree and stand three-dimension structure model and aerodynamics theory, we use turbulence model to construct the spatial wind field model under forest belt cyclone, and study the fluid solid coupling model inside and outside the forest belt under wind repression. Again, the application of 3D simulation tool for micro climate, the 3D simulation system of embedded turbulence model, the design of different protective forest configuration, and the wind field simulation results are qualitative and quantitative evaluation, finally, select the typical sample, sampling points of reasonable design, the turbulence model simulation results were verified according to the experimental and real. The results of the modified model. Based on the protection of Ningxia forest in Yanchi Country as the research object, provide theoretical basis and technical support for the planning and design of the research results can be for shelter forest, also for the prevention of desertification, vegetation protection forest sand barrier surface wind under the repression of ecological safety evaluation, forest gas flow caused by soil water evaporation and plant transpiration evaluation to provide theoretical support and practical guidance.