Science报道到2050年中南半岛橡胶林相比上世纪90年代将增加2-3倍，是本区土地利用/覆盖变化的重要驱动因素，对社会经济与生态环境造成深刻影响。目前，橡胶林物候遥感方法探索方兴未艾，但区域层面算法构建不足，中南半岛过去30年橡胶林的动态变化与扩展规律更是缺乏清晰认识。项目立足橡胶林旱季落叶－新叶萌生的独特物候与生理特征，通过区域物候和光谱差异分析及MODIS/Landsat植被－水分指数产品数据挖掘，致力于基于Landsat的植被－水分指数组合发展完善算法，利用GEE研制中南半岛1990年以来每五年橡胶林分布专题数据集；在像元尺度上揭示橡胶林与自然条件、人文要素的空间依存关系，并研究其种植北界、海拔高度和趋边性等地域特征；通过变点检测与缓冲区分析，研究中南半岛不同时空尺度近30年橡胶林的扩展规律。以期为区域层面橡胶林动态监测提供方法借鉴，并为推进我国橡胶林跨境合作种植提供决策依据。

In 2009, SCIENCE reported that the rapid emergence of rubber is the hall- mark of a larger land-cover transition that has been sweeping through Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) since the 1990s, especially rubber gardens could be more than double or triple by 2050. The extensive socio-economic and eco-environmental effects of rapid expansion of rubber plantations has gained much internal attention; however, issues of geographical features, dynamical change, and expansion trends on rubber plantations are still not fully answered in the whole MSEA. The unique defoliation (leaf shedding) and foliation (emergence of new leaves) signals of rubber trees thus lay physiological and phenological basis for delineating rubber plantations in the region. In this study, the regional phenological (defoliation-foliation signals), spectral and textural differences (ring or parallel shape) of plantations will be carefully and repeated determined as well as data mining of MODIS/Landsat indices data products. Then, novel modified and improved phenology-based monitoring algorithms for mapping rubber plantations based on the combinations of Landsat-derived vegetation-moisture indices (e.g., NDVI, LSWI, and NBR) will be applied to obtain seven-period (i.e., 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2020) spatial distribution information of rubber plantations since 1990 in MSEA based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, and to delineate its spatio-temporal pattern in the last three decades. Using GIS-based correlation and buffer analysis, rubber distribution relationships with natural conditions (e.g., elevation and slope) and socio-economic factors (e.g., settlements and population density) will be quantificational revealed, especially the geographical characteristics in latitudinal (or where is the most northerly point for cultivation?), vertical (or What is the upper altitude limit?) and horizontal (or How did the plantation expanded in the (cross-) border regions?) directions (i.e., “3Ds”) at the pixel level in MSEA. By means of spatial analyses and pixel-based change-detection method, the expansion direction, rate and scale of rubber plantations at the regional to national levels in MSEA in the past three decades (1990-2020) will also be systematically studies. This study expects to enrich the phenological approaches for rubber plantations mapping at the regional scale, and also contribute to promoting cross-border cooperation of rubber plantations between China and MSEA countries in the future.