腹膜透析（PD）相关腹膜炎是PD主要并发症及导致PD技术失败的最常见原因，可引起约18％的感染相关死亡，严重影响PD推广和临床疗效。目前对PD尤其是PD相关腹膜炎患者肠道微生态特点相关研究欠缺、病理变化尚不明确，基于肠道菌群失调而胃肠功能障碍、肠屏障功能受损、菌群移位致肠源性腹膜炎和在系统性炎症中的核心作用，及扶肾方在提高PD患者生存质量方面的治疗优势，本研究从动物实验与临床试验两个研究层次，观察扶肾方对尿毒症PD大鼠及PD患者肠道菌群结构的改变影响，及扶肾方或联合益生菌经由调节改善肠道菌群结构，减少PD胃肠功能障碍及相关腹膜炎发生并减轻后续系统性炎症的作用；旨在明确肠道菌群在PD患者腹膜炎病理过程中的改变和作用，并对肠道菌群与中药扶肾方间多成分、多靶点间相互作用进行更深层次的阐释，同时为PD肠功能障碍及相关腹膜炎的防治寻求新的中医药切入点及干预靶点，为转化医学的开展提供必要的理论基础。

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) related peritonitis is a major complication of PD and the most common reason for PD technical failure, which can result in about 18% of the infections related to death, and serious impacts the PD technology promotion and clinical curative effect at the same time.Based on the current situation that less research has been done in intestinal micro ecology characteristics in PD patients, especially in PD patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction and PD related peritonitis, and the changes of intestinal flora in pathological state are still unclear. Combined with the central role of intestinal dysbacteriosis in intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation, which increases the systemic inflammation and accelerates the progress of ESRD, together with the therapeutic advantages of Fushen decoction on delaying peritoneal fibrosis and improving the survival quality of PD patients, this study combines the animal experiments and clinical researches, on the one hand to observe the intestinal flora changes of uremia PD rats and its effects on intestinal structure, meanwhile to analyze the intestinal flora distribution characteristics between different dialysis duration of peritoneal dialysis patients, and then to observe the effects of Fushen decoction and probiotics on the changes of intestinal flora and the systemic inflammation in patients with PD related peritonitis. This study starts with the exploration of the relationships between intestinal flora and PD related peritonitis, partly reveals mechanisms of the Fushen decoction and probiotics in regulating intestinal flora structure and improving the prognosis of PD gastrointestinal dysfunction and related peritonitis, which can seek a a new breakthrough point and intervention target of traditional Chinese medicine for PD related peritonitis prevention and treatment, and to provide necessary theoretical basis train of thought for translational medicine.