目前国内外主要从激素、转录因子等角度研究采后果实成熟与品质形成的机制，而对杂合体果树果实之间性状差异的形成与调控的研究非常罕见。近年来的研究表明，等位基因不平衡表达（ASE）对杂合体生物性状的形成具有重要影响，目前在人体细胞、重要动植物上研究较多，园艺植物上还很罕见。本项目拟从ASE的角度探讨其对采后香蕉果实后熟与品质差异性状的形成机制，系统比较我国主栽的三种香蕉果实的采后特性与品质差异，利用深度RNA-seq测序技术等筛选出控制果实风味、质地、色泽和乙烯生物合成途径等相关性状差异的不平衡表达等位基因，并分析部分重要等位基因的功能差异。本项目研究结果有助于人们从一个新的角度理解采后果实成熟与品质差异的形成机制，拓宽了果实采后生物学研究范围，可为将来采用分子生物学技术精准定向调控香蕉果实的后熟特性与品质特性提供理论基础，也可为香蕉种质资源分类、系统演化以及品种改良提供有益的帮助。

Regulation of hormones and transcription factors on fruit ripening and quality development have been intensively studied. However, the fruit ripening features of the heterozygous species is rarely known. The impact of asymmetric allele-specific expression (ASE) on the phenotype of heterozygous species has recently been revealed. Plant ASE studies are mainly on carried on model plants, and seldom on horticultural plants, even though most of the fruit trees are heterozygous. The present project aims to study ASE on the ripening and quality development on postharvest banana fruits. The ripening features and fruit qualities of 3 major cultivars, Cavendish (AAA), Dajiao (ABB) and Fenjiao (ABB), will be first compared. In-dept RNA-seq will be applied to search ASE genes in whole transcriptomes between the fruits during ripening. The mechanism of ASE leading to the important alteration of phenotypes will be investigated in the view of the altered function of the ASE genes, via heterologous gene expression system. The findings of the project will help people to understand the ripening regulation in a novel view and identify the key gene of the fruit quality development.