反应抑制是执行功能的核心成分之一，是一种抑制不符合当前需要的或不恰当行为反应的能力。个体通过反应抑制来抑制形成的优势反应，以灵活适应不断变化的环境。反应抑制能力与个体的身心健康有关，可以预测童年早期数学能力和阅读能力的发展，甚至会影响到社会功能。近期的研究发现，通过认知训练可以提高个体的反应抑制能力。本项目将在我们之前研究的基础之上，采用双盲随机对照实验设计和追踪研究的方法，通过自适应的Go/NoGo训练程序，对儿童、成人和老年人的反应抑制能力进行为期4周的训练，并结合事件相关电位技术，探讨训练效果的内在神经机制。通过本项目的研究，我们试图回答三个主要问题：（1）认知训练对反应抑制能力的改善是否具有个体差异（儿童、成人和老年人）？（2）训练效果的保持时间有多长（3个月、6个月、9个月还是12个月），效果的保持是否具有个体差异？（3）认知训练是如何影响反应抑制加工过程的？

Response inhibition is one of the key components of executive functioning, which refers to the ability to postpone, withhold, or stop inappropriate behavior. It requires individuals to suppress prepotent response in order to flexibly adapt to a changing environment. Studies suggest that response inhibition ability has predictive value with respect to individual health, mathematics skills and reading capability in early childhood, and even social functioning. Recent research has been suggested that response inhibition capacity can be improved trough training. Based upon the preliminary study, we investigated the effects of 20 days of adaptive Go/NoGo training task with a double-blind and follow-up design in healthy children, adults and elderly adults, combined with the event-related potentials(ERPs) approach, to explore the underlying neural mechanisms. The research work of this project will firmly focus on the following three main problems. 1) the improvement of response inhibition ability through cognitive training whether exists individual differences among healthy children, adults and elderly adults. 2) We will assess the maintained effects after, respectively, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and investigate whether there are individual differences at different time intervals. 3) How cognitive training affect the process of response inhibition?