偶氮染料（Azo）是目前应用最广泛的合成染料。Azo废水来源广、排放量大，环境危害严重，其处理历来是水污染控制研究的热点与难点。针对Azo厌氧还原速率低及工程运行费用高等问题，本项目在辨识Azo还原关键影响因素的基础上，利用富含碳源和指甲花醌的海娜植物生物质提供电子供体和氧化还原介体，强化Azo的生物/化学还原。通过探明生物质水解发酵过程的产物特征和关键酶活，揭示指甲花醌对水解发酵过程的反向调节机制；在深入解析硫酸盐还原、Azo还原途径和跨膜传质的基础上，揭示系统中电子分流特征和调控机理，提高Azo还原去除速率；阐明基于生物质电子供给与介导的Azo生物/化学耦合还原机制，建立调控生物质投配率、发酵类型和水相湍动程度等要点的Azo高效还原技术策略。研究结果不仅可加深人们对生物质强化氧化态污染物还原去除过程的科学认识，还可为保障Azo废水处理工艺的高效稳定运行提供技术突破方向。

Azo dyes are currently the most widely used synthetic dyes. The wastewater containing azo dyes poses serious environmental and health threats due to its wide sources and large emissions. Its treatment has always been a hot and difficult topic among water pollution controls, with a scientific focus on the slow reduction of azo dyes and an engineering focus on the high operational costs. This research uses henna plant biomass to enhance the chemical and biological reduction of azo dyes, based on the identification of the key factors impacting the anaerobic reduction of azo dyes. The henna plant biomass contains abundant carbon sources and lawsone, and can function as a multiple role in supplying electron donor and redox mediator (RM). The study reveals the fermentative products and the key enzymatic activities during the hydrolysis and fermentation of henna plant biomass, and illustrates the reverse control of this process by the dissolved or associated lawsone. Furthermore, sulfate reduction, azo dye reduction pathways and the transmembrane mass transfer are investigated. The electron flow among these processes and their regulation modes are consequently proposed to enhance the anaerobic reduction of azo dyes. Thus, the results above will clarify the coupled chemical and biological reduction of azo dyes, which is based on the electron donor supply and the electron-shuttling ability of henna plant biomass. Besides, an engineering regulation technique of the reduction of azo dyes, depending on the dosing rate and fermentation type of henna plant biomass, and the turbulence of aqueous phase as well, will be established. The study not only deepens the understanding of henna plant biomass in facilitating the coupled reduction of azo dyes, but also introduces a novel approach to the effective treatment in engineering applications.