在人工纵隔气肿的条件下，通过颈部单孔操作实现食管切除是一种全新的微创术式，由于避免了胸腔内创伤性操作，其有助于降低术后心肺并发症，有效提高微创食管切除术的安全性。但是，由于后纵隔的解剖空间较为局限，且食管与其毗邻器官的解剖关系在全新的手术径路下均与常规手术存在较大的差异。因此，开展这一全新平面构建的外科解剖学的研究具有现实的必要性和临床实用价值。本研究拟在863分课题及上海市科委自然基金的基础上，综合大体解剖、断层解剖、内窥镜解剖、数字解剖、动物实验等技术，对胸段食管与周围器官的毗邻关系开展研究。并按经颈单孔镜的操作程序，识别相关形态结构，找到关键的“外科平面”和“标志要点”，并将其转化为临床应用，为建立一种全新的单孔内镜微创食管手术奠定理论基础。

By means of artificial pneumo-mediastinum, it would be a surgical innovation to perform minimally invasive esophagectomy through transcervical single-port incision.Since this procedure avoided transthoracic manipulation, it was promising in decreasing cardio-pulmonary complications following esophagectomy. However, posterior mediastinum offered limited surgical interspace, and the surgery via this route differed from conventional minimally inavsive esophagectomy. Therefore, the study on the anatomical structure under the new surgical approach would be necessary before it was introduced into clinical parctice.Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China (863 Programme) and Nature Science Foundation of Shanghai, we conducted the research to investigate the anatomical relationship of esophagus and its adjacent stuctures using the methods of gross anatomy, sectional anatomy, endoscopic anatomy and digital anatomy on the speciemens, the object is to find the “surgical plane” and “key symbol” with the sequential steps of the procedure.Our research is planning to establish the theoretical base for the eventual clinical application of this minimally invasive procedure for esophageal surgery.