阴极的物料传输和催化剂效率是制约锂空电池发展的关键因素，亟需探索设计合理的阴极结构和高效的双功能催化剂。本项目拟在前期工作的基础上，基于软硬模板协同组装获得孔结构可控的多级孔碳材料，锚定纳米金属M/MOx，制备双功能催化剂并构筑空气阴极。结合表面分析手段，研究碳材料表面悬挂键及多级孔对催化剂锚定的影响；结合材料表征和电化学结果，研究多级孔限域、双功能催化剂晶面与形貌对放电产物定向生长的影响；结合电极特征参数，研究e-/Li+转移与氧气传质过程，分析电极内荷质耦合传输过程，揭示多级孔碳空间效应及与金属(氧化物)之间的相互作用对ORR/OER活性的调控机制，构筑利于氧气与荷质传输、Li2O2限域定向生长、高ORR/OER活性的空气阴极。本项目可丰富多孔碳材料的选控制备技术，探索非水电解液体系内ORR/OER催化机理，为新型双功能催化剂和电极结构的理性设计提供指引，具有重要理论意义和应用价值。

Mass transfer and catalyst efficiency are the key factors which restrict the development of lithium-air batteries. It is urgent to explore reasonable cathode structure and efficient bifunctional catalysts. This project is aimed to synthesize hierarchically porous carbon materials by the soft and hard template assembly, and then to anchor the nano M@MOx bifunctional catalyst to construct the air cathode. Based on surface analysis method, the effect of the suspension bonds on the carbon material and hierarchical pores on catalyst anchoring will be studied. Confinement effect of hierarchical pores and the effect of the facet and morphology of bifunctional catalysts on the growth orientation of discharge products will also be studied by the material characterization and electrochemical research results. The result is then correlated with the electrode characteristic parameters to study mass transfer in cathode, to clarify the tuning mechanism of pores and catalysts on ORR/OER activities. In addition, optimal electrode structure will be developed based on the unique features of the hierarchically porous carbon anchored with the bifunctional catalysts to ensure a high performance cathode of the lithium-air battery. This project will cultivate the synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon in a fundamental way, as well as catalytic mechanism of ORR/OER in non-aqueous electrolyte. It will provide a theoretical guidance for the rational design of novel bifunctional catalyst and electrode structure, which has important theoretical significance and application value.