大量研究已评估PM2.5暴露和流感疫苗接种对哮喘的单独效应，但两者交互作用对哮喘影响尚不清楚。大气污染暴露和流感疫苗均可调控机体CD4+T细胞介导的Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg免疫平衡，且可能存在共同通路效应。因此，本研究从CD4+T细胞介导的免疫平衡角度探讨作用机制。基于前期建立的大气污染与健康风险评估队列，招募哮喘儿童1500名开展双盲随机对照试验，干预措施为接种流感疫苗，5次随访调查收集生物样本并检测CD4+T细胞亚群、细胞因子及抗体。探讨PM1暴露与流感疫苗接种交互作用对哮喘的影响；通过高通量技术筛选CD4+T细胞介导的Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg免疫平衡相关生物标志物；结合哮喘小鼠模型，分析环境暴露/疫苗免疫—基因—效应模式生物标志物间相互作用，寻找关键靶点，明晰两者交互作用对哮喘影响的分子机制，为政府制定大气污染防控措施及哮喘人群流感疫苗接种策略提供科学依据。

A large number of studies have assessed the individual effects of PM2.5 exposure and influenza vaccination on asthma, but the effects of their interactions on asthma are not known.Both air pollution exposure and influenza vaccine can regulate the CD4+ T-cell-mediated Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immune balance in the body, and there may be a common pathway effect. Therefore, this study explored the mechanism of immune balance mediated by CD4+T cells. Based on the previously established air pollution and health risk assessment cohort, 1500 children with asthma were recruited to conduct a double-blind randomized controlled trial. The intervention was influenza vaccination. Biological samples were collected and CD4+T cell subsets, cytokines and antibodies were tested in 5 follow-up surveys. To investigate the effect of interaction between PM1 exposure and influenza vaccination on asthma, CD4+ t-cell mediated Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immune balance associated with biomarkers were screened by high throughput sequencing. Combined with the results of mouse model of asthma, the interaction between environmental exposure/vaccine immunism-gene-effect model biomarkers was analyzed to find key targets, and the molecular mechanism of their interaction on asthma was clarified, so as to provide scientific basis for the government to formulate the prevention and control measures of air pollution and the influenza vaccination strategy for asthmatic children.