框架结构纳米晶具备的高比表面积、内外表面结构均可调的优点使其成为新型的催化剂材料，合成此类纳米晶也就成为该领域重要的研究课题。本申请拟采用模板法合成贵金属（Ag、Au、Pd、Pt、Rh）及其合金框架结构纳米晶。由于模板必须除去，则目前文献使用贵金属为模板的策略将造成极大的浪费，为解决该问题，本申请根据外延生长的条件（模板和目标贵金属同属立方结构且晶胞参数非常接近），选择NiO、CoO多面体纳米晶为模板，同时依据维加德定律，利用适量（可为0%）的Pb和贵金属形成合金使其晶胞参数和模板相当，进而能在模板的棱上外延生长，除去模板和Pb就将获得贵金属及其合金的框架结构纳米晶；调控框架结构的形状及棱的尺寸等参数，研究这些参数对纳米晶催化硝基苯加氢还原反应活性的影响规律，探索框架纳米晶微观结构和催化活性的相关性，为其它框架结构的构建和高活性催化剂材料的开发提供新思路和支持。

Due to the high specific area and adjustable inner and exterior surface structure, nanoframes have become a new kind of catalyst material. Then synthesizing noble metal nanocrystals with a frame structure becomes a vital research issue of this field. In this proposal, we plan to use template-assisted route to prepare nanoframes of noble metals (Ag，Au，Pd，Pt，Rh) and their alloys. The reported methods often employed a noble metal as the template, then the removal of the template will cause the waste of noble metals. In order to solve this problem, we choose NiO and CoO polyhedral nanocrystals as the template, according to the request of epitaxial growth (both the template and the noble metal should have cubic crystalline structure with a similar lattice parameter). In addition, on the basis of Vegard's law, we will employ the formation of a alloy between Pb and a noble metal, and alter the amount of Pb (may be 0%) to make the lattice parameter of the alloy similar to that of the template for the epitaxial growth. The nanoframes of noble metals and their alloys could be obtained after the removal of template. We will adjust the structure parameters such as the shape and the size of the ridge, and then explore how these factors affect the catalytic activity toward the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Finally, we will investigate the relationship between the microstructure and catalytic performance of the nanoframes. The research in this proposal will provide new thinking clues and experimental support for fabricating other nanoframes and developing highly active catalysts.