煤炭直接液化是保障国家能源安全的重要技术，液化过程中产生的重质有机物具有富含环烷烃的结构特点，是一种碳材料的优质前体原料。同时，出于环保及经济性的需求，钠离子电池储能近年来发展迅速，硬碳被认为是最具实用化的钠离子电池负极材料。本申请拟以煤炭液化重质有机物为原料，利用原料中丰富的环烷烃的结构特点，通过化学（或氧化）交联引入sp3碳中心，增加芳核之间的桥联，阻碍碳化过程中稠环芳烃分子向石墨碳层发展，制备用于钠离子电池负极的硬碳材料。研究化学/氧化交联、炭化过程中结构的演变机制，研究硬碳的电化学储钠性能，建立合成技术、产品结构与性能之间的规律性关系。开发一条简便的由煤炭液化重质有机物制备硬碳的技术，为煤炭直接液化重质有机物的高品位利用提供一条新思路。

Coal direct liquefaction technology is important to ensure the national energy security. The heavy organics produced in the liquefaction process has the structural characteristics of enriched naphthenes and is a high-quality precursor of carbon materials. At the same time, due to environmental and economic needs, sodium ion battery as an energy storage device develop rapidly in recent years, and hard carbon is considered the most practical sodium ion battery anode material. The present application is intended to use the liquefied heavy organics with the rich naphthenes as raw material, the modulation of initial structure of carbon source is doned by the chemical / oxidative crosslinking technique, hard carbon for the anode material of the sodium ion battery is prepared by carbonization the carbon source..Explore the evolution mechanism of the structure during the chemical / oxidative crosslinking and carbonization. Study the electrochemical storage capacity of prepared hard carbon materials, and establish the regular relationship between synthesis process, product structure and battery performance. Develop a convenient technology for the preparation of hard carbon from coal liquefied heavy organics, and provide a new idea for the high-value utilization of direct liquefaction heavy organics.