月球VLBI中的轨道计算问题研究

我国月球和深空探测从“嫦娥一号”工程开始，采用测距测速和VLBI两种测量手段进行联合测定轨。计划2023年发射的“嫦娥六号”月球轨道器将搭载口径4.2m的干涉测量天线，提供了一个扩展VLBI基线长度的极好机会，将月球轨道VLBI天线和地面VLBI天线联合，可以将基线长度扩大到约38万公里，较地面基线长度扩大约100倍，从而可以进一步提高测定轨精度。月球VLBI技术应用离不开高精度轨道支持，本项目主要研究月球VLBI中的轨道计算问题，研究月球轨道器精密定轨以及利用月球轨道器搭载的VLBI天线进行深空探测器精密测定轨应用。主要从两个方面开展研究工作，一方面研究月球轨道器的高精度定轨方法，着眼于未来月球探测导航技术的发展，综合处理各类天基地基测量数据；另一方面研究利用地球-月球基线VLBI数据对火星、木星和小行星等深空探测器进行精密测定轨，分析月球VLBI技术在深空探测测定轨中的应用。

The range/Doppler and VLBI technique are used for tracking and orbit determination in the Chinese lunar and deep space exploration program. A 4.2 m diameter VLBI telescope will be deployed in a lunar orbiter in 2023 as plan. By combining the lunar orbit VLBI antenna with the ground VLBI antenna, the baseline length can be extended to about 380,000 kilometers, about 100 times longer than the ground baseline length. The VLBI technique will play a more important role in the future lunar and deep space exploration. High accuracy orbit is very important for the application of lunar VLBI, and in this project the researches are focused on the orbit determination of lunar VLBI. The research work is mainly carried out from two aspects. On the one hand, the high-precision orbit determination method of lunar orbiter is studied, focusing on the development of future lunar exploration and navigation technology, and comprehensively processing all kinds of space-based tracking data as well as the ground based tracking data. On the other hand, the precise orbit determination of deep space probes such as Mars, Jupiter and asteroids using the Earth-Moon baseline VLBI data is studied.