海陆过渡带船载一体化高精度无缝测量与应用关键问题研究

多方面活动对海岸带、岛礁与航道等复杂海(水)陆过渡带高精度、高分辨率一体化模型的快速构建具有迫切需求，但此类区域“人不便下、车下不去、船上不来”，一直是测量难题，海陆常采用不同技术手段分别测量，效率低下，在交界处易出现测量空白，又易造成海陆数据一致性较差，还会因海陆数据分辨率、地理属性和介质环境不同而难以一体化建模与分类认知。船载多传感器（集成多波束、激光扫描仪、相机和位置姿态测量仪等）一体化测量技术为解决此难题提供了手段，前提是解决海陆测量精准无缝覆盖、位置基准统一、一体化建模与双介质地物分类应用等关键问题。因此，本项目针对上述问题，主要研究船载系统精确测量和基准转换、近海面水层多波束低掠射波束有效利用、海陆地形一体化建模与表达、海陆双介质地物多源融合分类应用等内容，解决该区域自动化测量手段缺乏的问题，突破海陆过渡带测绘技术瓶颈，项目具有重要意义和应用价值。

There is an urgent need to build the seamless terrain model with high precision and high resolution in the complex marine-continental transition zone, such as the coastal zone, reefs, ports, inland waterways and large water structures , etc. But this kind of area belongs to " People can't get off, cars can't get off, boats can't get off ", has always been a difficult area for topographic surveying. At present, land and sea are often measured separately by different technical means, and the efficiency is low. It is easy to have a large blank area in the land and water combination area. Because of the difference of three-dimensional coordinate datum, the consistency of land and water survey data is poor. It is also difficult to model and classify land-sea data in an integrated way because of their different resolution, geographical attributes and media environment. Of course their application was affected. .The development of shipborne multi-sensor integrated terrain measurement technology provides an effective way to solve this problem. The precondition is to solve the key problems of seamless coverage of land and sea surveying, unification of position datum, integrated expression and classification of two-media terrain objects. This project focuses on the key issues of shipborne multi-sensor integrated seamless terrain measurement, including precise positioning/attitude determination and local vertical reference conversion, location correction of multi-beam low-grazing point cloud near the sea surface, seamless mosaic and three-dimensional representation of land and sea terrain, acoustic and optic multi-source information extraction and fusion classification of dual-medium terrain objects, and will solve the problem of lack of automatic surveying means in this region and break through the bottleneck of surveying and mapping technology in the transitional zone between land and sea. It is of great significance and application value.