面向PFM的W-Cu梯度功能材料的湿化学近净成形制备和组织性能研究

以发展面向等离子体材料（PFM）和大功率微波器件的热沉材料为背景，研制沿截面具有梯度成分分布的W-Cu梯度功能材料；利用有限元分析进行梯度功能材料的成分结构设计；发展以均相沉淀、凝胶还原等液相法为主的超细W-Cu复合粉体的合成工艺，以及轧膜流延为主的湿化学净成形方法；考查W-Cu梯度材料的成分微结构，进行应用条件下的组织性能评价；查明材料组成、结构、性能与制备工艺间的关系；重点查明工作条件下W-Cu梯度功能材料的温度及应力分布特性、材料的结构和性能稳定性，建立相关的性能可靠性评价机制。项目的开展可以丰富W基难熔金属复合材料、梯度功能材料净成形的基本理论和工艺，为高性能梯度W-Cu材料制备与应用提供新思路，为面向高性能电工电子器件及面PFM应用的W-Cu材料的开发提供理论基础和实践积累。

Abstract: Powder metallurgical W–Cu alloys have been used in electrical contacts, welding electrodes, thermal management devices such as heat sinks，spreaders and many other applications because of their excellent mechanical property, low thermal expansion and high electrical conductivity. The purpose of this project is to develop W-Cu composites with graded distribution of W (Cu) composition (content) to further improve their properties and extend their application to heat sinks for large power electrical components and plasma facing materials (PFM). The main research issues include: (1) optimizing the design of the W-Cu functionally graded materials, including their geometry, composition, microstructure and parameters of their preparation process; (2) developing wet chemical methods such as homogeneous precipitation, gelatification-reduction, Glycine-nitrate process, for synthesizing superfine W–Cu powders, and develop soft chemical methods such as lamination, tape casting, for preparing the W–Cu functional graded materials (FGM); (3) investigating the microstructure, thermal, mechanical, as well as thermo-mechanical properties of the W-Cu FGMs; (4) revealing the correlations among the composition, microstructure, property an preparation process of the W-Cu FGMs; (5) surveying interfacial behaviors and stability of thermal, electrical and thermo-mechanical properties of the FGMs for plasma facing materials (PFM) applications and in some other critical work conditions. .This project will develop novel preparation techniques of W-Cu FGMs with good thermal and mechanical properties, especially some wet chemical methods for superfine W-Cu powders, as well as for the W-Cu FGMs. The key factors that affect the microstructure and properties of the FGMs will be revealed. Therefore, this work is theoretically and technically significant to the development of advanced W-Cu composites, and will widen the applications of W-Cu composites and increase reliability of the materials in some critical applications.