HIV相关认知障碍（HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder，HAND）是HIV感染者重要的慢性中枢神经系统并发症，目前高效抗反转录病毒治疗尚不能改善HAND的神经认知表现，更缺乏特异性的诊断方法，因此确定HAND的危险因素并建立预警机制对早期干预尤为重要。认知功能受到脑结构和功能的影响，而HAND的脑网络连接特征尚缺乏系统研究。本研究将利用脑网络分析方法，明确HAND脑网络结构和功能连接特征，并利用前期GWAS队列，分析HAND及脑网络改变的遗传风险因素。随后，结合细胞因子、脑源性神经营养因子、外周病毒库水平等因素，探讨HAND的免疫风险因素及可能机制，并构建HAND的预警模型。最后，我们将进行独立样本验证，进一步明确HAND的风险因素并优化预警模型，以开发HAND预警分级策略并为其精准干预方案提供理论基础。

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is an important chronic central nervous system complication among HIV-infected patients. Currently, highly active antiretroviral therapy has not been shown to improve the neurocognitive performance of HAND. In addition, there is no HAND-specific diagnostic methods. Hence, it is urgently needed to identify risk factors and develop effective early warning measures for HAND in order to provide interference accordingly. Cognitive performance is affected by brain structure and function, but there is still no systematic research for the neural network connectivity characteristics of HAND. In this project, we would clarify the structure and functional brain connectivity of HAND, then we would investigate the risk genetic factors of HAND and altered structure network based on our previous GWAS cohort. Subsequently, we seek to explore the immune risk factors, its possible mechanisms and establish an early prediction model of HAND by integrating genetic data, the number and function of cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as the level of peripheral HIV reservoir. Finally, we will perform an independent sample verification to clarify the risk factors of HAND and optimize the early predictive model. Our study will be helpful for developing scalable tools and precise intervention program for the prevention of HAND.