生物质热解获得的生物炭可用于制备超级电容器电极材料，有助于实现生物质在储能领域的高品位应用。针对传统惰性气氛下生物质热解获得的生物炭孔隙结构不发达、功能性基团匮乏，难以满足高品质电极用碳材料的性能要求，本项目提出高氮磷生物质可控富碳气氛热解耦合原位痕量活化制备功能型生物炭的新思路。基于对高氮磷生物质热解行为的研究，结合气氛调变和痕量活化剂遴选，深入研究富CO2气氛和痕量活化剂作用下高氮磷生物质的热解行为，明晰富碳可控气氛下生物炭孔隙结构的构筑机制与氮磷自掺杂和痕量活化对生物炭表面基团生成的交互作用，并进一步探索廉价金属氧化物负载对生物炭复合电极电化学特性的强化机制。结合密度泛函理论等的计算，对热解过程进行模拟，构建生物炭孔隙结构、表面功能基团与电化学特性的关联模型，深层次揭示生物炭理化特性与电化学特性的构效关系，建立生物炭的多维度定向调制方法，实现高氮磷生物质向高品质生物炭电极材料的转化。

Biochar obtained from biomass pyrolysis can be used to prepare electrode materials for supercapacitor, which is helpful to realize the value-added application of biomass in the field of energy storage. Due to the underdeveloped pore structure and limited functional groups, the biochar obtained by pyrolysis under traditional inert atmosphere can hardly meet the performance requirements of high-quality energy storage carbon materials. This project proposes a new idea of preparing functional biochar by combination of controlled pyrolysis of high nitrogen and phosphorus content biomass under carbon-rich atmosphere and in-situ trace activation. Based on the clarification of the pyrolysis behavior of high nitrogen and phosphorus content biomass, the pyrolysis atmosphere and trace activators are optimized firstly. Then, the evolution of the physicochemical characteristics of biochar under CO2 atmosphere and trace activators is studied, and the development mechanism of pore structure and the formation process of nitrogen and phosphorus functional groups in biochar are clarified. Meanwhile, the enhancement of electrochemical characteristics of biochar composite electrode by the loading of cheap metal oxides is further explored. Combined with the simulation of biomass pyrolysis process by density functional theory calculation, the correlation model of pore structure, surface functional groups and electrochemical properties of biochar is constructed, and the structure-activity relationship between physicochemical properties and energy storage characteristics of biochar is revealed. Finally, the multidimensional directional modulation method of biochar is developed to realize the conversion of high nitrogen and phosphorus content biomass into high-quality electrode materials.