发酵饲料中生物胺对蜜蜂风险及蜂王浆质量的影响

为满足蜜蜂蛋白质营养需求，提高消化吸收效率并降低成本，养蜂生产中常用发酵处理的蛋白饲料（豆粕等）部分取代花粉饲喂蜜蜂。但若条件控制不当，饲料发酵和贮存过程中易产生生物胺，过量的生物胺会对蜜蜂及蜂王浆质量带来安全风险。. 本项目拟在前期研究的基础上，以发酵豆粕饲料为研究对象，通过蜂群饲喂试验，开展生物胺对蜜蜂幼虫及成蜂发育、行为等的影响研究，确认导致蜜蜂疾病或死亡的生物胺种类及剂量；优化生物胺的提取、净化条件，建立发酵饲料、工蜂王浆腺及蜂王浆中生物胺的分析方法；通过同位素标记，研究生物胺在发酵饲料-工蜂王浆腺-蜂王浆系统中的蓄积、分布、迁移规律，结合市场及蜂场的残留结果，明确蜂王浆中生物胺污染现状及残留代谢行为机理。. 本项目旨在探明发酵饲料中生物胺对蜜蜂及蜂王浆的风险，为蜜蜂健康饲养、饲料和蜂王浆质量控制奠定理论基础，提升蜂产品质量安全水平。

To satisfy the requirement of protein, improve digestibility and reduce cost for honeybee, fermented protein fodder such as soybean meal has been widely used to replace bee pollen in beekeeping. However, biogenic amines can be produced once the condition of fermentation is not strict. Honeybee and royal jelly would suffer from risk for excessive biogenic amines.. Based on previous research, this project will take fermented soybean meal as target to study the influence of biogenic amines on the brood, colony development and behavior of honeybees. Make sure the variety and dosage of biogenic amines that can result in disease and death of honeybee. Develop a simple method to determine biogenic amines in fermented fodder, hypopharyngeal gland and royal jelly. And investigate the migration and metabolic rules of biogenic amines in honey after feeding using stable isotope labeling method. Clarify the residual mechanism of the biogenic amines in fermented fodder and royal jelly and evaluate the pollution situation of biogenic amines in royal jelly according to the results from markets and bee farms.. The aim of this study is to ascertain the effect of biogenic amines in fermented fodder on honeybee and royal jelly. And it can provide theoretical basis for bee raising, quality control of fodder and royal jelly. It is important to improve quality of bee products.