高直链淀粉作物籽粒富含抗性淀粉，具有促进健康的功能，可作为功能性食品有着潜在的市场需求和应用前景。国内外的研究都表明，直链淀粉含量显著提高后，禾谷类作物胚乳中空状和细长状淀粉粒的含量随之增加，而这些淀粉粒的发育和结构特性尚未澄清。.课题组在前期工作中，观察到基因工程培育出来的高直链淀粉水稻TRS胚乳富含中空状和细长状淀粉粒。本项目拟利用光镜、电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜等技术，在TRS胚乳发育过程中，研究并探明中空状和细长状淀粉粒的形成过程、发生时期和在胚乳组织中的空间分布。利用组织化学、免疫细胞化学和蛋白质组学等手段，研究并阐明淀粉合成关键酶与中空状和细长状淀粉粒发育的关系。从TRS成熟籽粒中分离纯化中空状和细长状淀粉粒，进行波谱分析和理化测定，研究并查明它们的晶体和结构特性。研究结果可以为高直链淀粉作物的选育、高直链作物淀粉的开发和应用提供基础理论，并充实植物淀粉粒的发育和结构等学科知识。

High-amylose cereal kernels contain a high level of resistant starch and have a great benefit on human health. They are an important source of functional foods and have potential market demand and application prospect. Studies at home and abroad have shown that the proportion of the internal hollow and elongated starch granules in cereal endosperm starches increases with the significant increase in amylose content. However, the development and structural properties of these starch granules are not reported..A high-amylose transgenic rice line (TRS) has been developed by antisense RNA inhibition of the starch branching enzymes. The high proportion of the internal hollow and elongated starch granules in TRS endosperm starches has been observed in our previous research. In this project, the formation, developmental stage and distribution of internal hollow and elongated starch granules in TRS endosperm will be investigated with light microscopy, electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy during endosperm development. The relationship between starch synthesis key enzymes and the development of internal hollow and elongated starch granules will be studied with histochemical, immunocytochemical and proteomics techniques during TRS endosperm development. Native internal hollow and elongated starch granules will be isolated from TRS mature kernels, and their crystalline and structural properties will be investigated by a combination of morphological and spectroscopic analyses and physicochemical determination. The research results will be very useful for breeding of high-amylose cereal crops and various applications of high-amylose cereal starches in the food and nonfood industries. The results can also add to our understanding of development and structural properties of plant starch granule.