典型金属硫化矿表面化学形态与微结构及其与浸矿微生物界面作用机制的研究

浸矿微生物-矿物界面相互作用在生物浸出多相界面作用中起决定性作用，矿物表面化学形态和微结构对微生物-矿物相互作用有重要影响。本项目以最重要金属硫化矿黄铜矿和黄铁矿为代表，针对其特定化学形态和微结构表面，研究典型浸矿微生物的选择性吸附行为，分析并验证选择性吸附位点、作用力以及吸附热力学，同时针对其特定表面化学形态和微结构矿物浸出体系，研究菌的表面壳层组分和含量分布及其对浸出环境的响应，揭示矿物表面化学形态和微结构与浸矿微生物选择性吸附行为的关联性及其对环境的响应规律；阐明浸矿微生物对特定结构矿物作用的选择性吸附作用原理及典型浸出条件下的选择性作用分子机理。通过以上研究揭示典型金属硫化矿表面化学形态与微结构等物理化学性质在微生物-矿物界面作用中的角色与作用原理，加深对金属硫化矿-浸矿微生物界面微观作用机制及金属硫化矿微生物溶出机制的认识，为金属硫化矿溶出工艺的调控模型的建立和优化奠定理论基础。

The interfacial interaction between microbes and metal surfides takes the decisive role in the multiphase interfacial interactions of bioleaching system. The chemical speciation and micro-structures of mineral surface impose important effect on the interfacial interactions. This project mainly focuse on the two most typical metal sulfide minerials chalcopyrite and pyrite. On the basis of characterization of the minerial surface chemical speciation and micro-structures, the adsorption behaviors of typical bioleaching microorganisms with different energy metabolic characters on the minerial surface with typical chemical speciation and micro-structures are to be studied, which reveals the relatedness of the selective microbial attachment with the mineral surface speciation and micro-structure. Further, the site, force and thermodynamics of the attachment of bioleaching microorganisms will be characterized and analyzed in the combination of quantum calculation to elucidate the mechanisms of selective microbial attachment to certain chemical species and micro-structures of the mineral surfaces. At the same time, the composition and distribution of microbial cell surface shell induced by certain minerial surface chemical species and micro-structures under typical bioleaching conditions are to be studied in-situ, which reveals the molecular mechanism of microbial adaption to certain surface chemical species and micro-structures of metal sulfides under typical leaching environmental variables. It is expected by this study to demonstrate the fundamentals of the role and function of the physicochemical properties of surface species and micro-structures of typical metal sulfide minerals in the microbe-mineral interficial interactions, which will strengthen the understanding of the microbes-sulfide minerals' interfacial interaction mechanisms and metal sulfide minerals' bio-dissolving mechanisms and lay foundation for establishing and optimization of operating models of metal sulfides dissolving processes.