全基因组重复在动物、植物和真菌的进化过程中广泛存在，基因组多倍化导致的大量重复基因不仅促进物种的生殖隔离与物种分化，同时也为新的基因功能的产生提供了进化动力。因此，从不同的时间尺度研究古老和近期的全基因组重复，以及重复基因的保留与丢失的规律和机制，对于从多倍化的角度理解物种进化具有非常重要的意义。在本项目中，我们从被子植物的系统发生关系出发，选择一批物种并通过转录组高通量测序预测基因集合，作为已公开发表基因组物种的补充。进一步使用重复基因突变速率和系统发育基因组学的相关方法预测被子植物各类群在进化过程中可能发生的未知多倍化事件。本项目还将从自然选择压力的模式入手分析多倍化后重复基因的命运，包括新功能化、亚功能化和基因丢失，为农业生产上提高作物育性、增加作物产量提供理论指导。

Whole genome duplications were widely occurred during the evolution of animals, plants and fungi. The large amount of preserved duplicate genes resulted from polyploidization was considered to promote reproductive isolation and speciation among sub-populations, and furthermore, to provide evolutionary forces for evolving novel gene functions. Therefore, it is essential to analysis both recent and ancient whole genome duplication events, to investigate the mechanisms of maintenance or loss of duplicate genes among different time scales. In this project, as a complementary to public plant genomes, which are correlated more or less to economic plants and crops, we will obtain transcripts from many selected angiosperms based on high-throughput RNA-seq in taxonomic manner. Furthermore, novel whole genome duplication events will be detected by applying synonymous mutation rate based and phylogenomic based approaches on genomes of organisms sequenced in this study and those available in public databases. We will further investigate fate of duplicate genes, including potential neofunctionaliation, subfunctionalization and gene loss. Such studies will provide supports for improving grain fertilities and productions.