自2001年国务院《关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》政策实施以来，快速推进的中小学布局调整政策（撤点并校）引发了学生上学安全、身心健康、辍学等严重问题。农村教育具有地方性公共产品属性，其布局调整决策应建立在民众广泛参与的基础上；如果教育公共决策将最大的利益相关者农户排除在外，这将显著改变教育公共资源配置效果，并反映在学生发展的各项指标变化中。本项目基于微观层面的调研数据，首先，从农户参与教育公共决策的认知、意愿及行为入手，构建计量模型评价农户参与意愿，识别农户参与行为的关键影响因素；其次，采用SEM确定农户参与教育公共事务对学生发展的影响机理；第三，通过RCTs方法，设计切实可行的推动农户参与教育公共事务的干预方法，评估干预措施对学生发展的影响，揭示农户如何参与教育公共事务最有利于推动农村学生发展。为未来农村中小学布局调整中促进学生发展、提升农村人力资本水平提供政策建议和决策依据。

With implementation of State Department Policy of Decision on Basic Education Reform and Development in 2001, the rapid advance of the distribution adjustment of rural schools led to distance to school, school safety, health, dropout and other aspects of serious problem. Compulsory education in rural areas should be classified into local public goods category, and its distribution adjustment decisions should be based on broad participation of farmers; If public educational decision-making excluded farmers, as the biggest stakeholders, it will significantly change allocation effects of public educational resources, which will necessarily reflect indicator-changes of student development.Based on the micro-level survey data, firstly, this proposed project will survey the willingness of farmers to participate in public education decision and build econometric model identifying key factors influencing farmers'participation. Secondly, to reveal mechanism that farmers'participation in public education decision-making will lead to rural student development, SEM will be used. Thirdly, to design practicable ways of farmers'participation, RCTs methods will be used to assess interventions'impacts to student development and reveal how farmers involved in public education decisions are the most conducive ways of promoting students development, and then provide policy advices and decision-making bases for the distribution adjustment of rural primary and secondary schools in the future, thus enhancing the level of human capital in rural areas.