随着实验技术的发展和长退相干时间新量子体系的发现，量子计算实验研究的重心从构建足够长退相干时间量子比特的器件级进入到使用多量子比特实现特定逻辑运算的电路级。真正实用的大规模量子计算机需要集成大量的量子比特以满足量子纠错算法冗余编码的需要。Surface code是目前最强大的量子纠错计算算法，量子比特分布在二维的格子上，只需要与最近相邻的量子比特发生作用。本项目拟在锗芯硅壳纳米线和硒化铋拓扑绝缘体纳米线这些强自旋轨道耦合一维材料上定义和调控自旋量子比特，利用量子比特间浮动门极（floating gate），在实验上实现相邻量子比特的电容耦合。通过建立使用floating gate耦合的二维自旋量子比特矩阵，实现用纯电学手段调控的surface code容错量子计算。本项目的研究方向是当前量子计算机技术热门课题，对量子计算的规模化和实用化有重要的意义。

With the rapid development of experimental techniques of quantum computation and the discoveries of more and more new quantum systems with longer decoherence time, the focus of experimental research of quantum computers has switched from building a single quantum bit (qubit) to constructing a functional circuit which can perform specific quantum logic operations. A practical large scale quantum computer needs to integrate thousands of qubits to perform quantum error correction (QEC). By the theory of surface code, the most powerful fault-tolerant QEC scheme known, the qubits spread over a two-dimensional lattice, with nearest-neighbor qubit-qubit interaction. The implementation of scalable fault-tolerant quantum computer with surface code is one of the hottest topics in experimental research of quantum computing. In this project, we plan to use floating gate to build the capacitive coupling between the nearby spin quits, which are purely electrically defined on germanium-silicon core-shell nanowires or bismuth selenide topological insulator nanowires. The strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of those nanowires greatly improve the efficiency of the floating-gate architecture over that in GaAs 2DEG.