热消融是治疗肝癌的一种重要手段，我们临床研究发现如何提高其疗效和精准度是工作的难点和热点。光热治疗（PTT）作为一种非侵入性热消融技术，可实现癌细胞的选择性杀伤，降低对正常细胞和组织的损伤。还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）的光热治疗疗效肯定，但RGO无法独立显像且无主动靶向能力。本课题组前期研究表明，靶向纳米微泡具有成像、载基因及超声释放基因等特性，可实现超声监控下的靶向治疗。课题组设想以熟练掌握的纳米微泡及还原氧化石墨烯制备方法为前提，以肝癌细胞膜高表达的GPC3受体为靶点，以PLGA为成膜材料，Cy7为荧光染料，创新性提出制备携载RGO的抗GPC3靶向PLGA-Cy7纳米微泡复合体，具有光热治疗剂和超声—荧光双模态成像双重功能。通过超声靶向微泡破坏技术（UTMD）介导RGO靶向投递，实时监控PTT进程，实现肝癌的靶向可视化光热治疗，通过体内外实验评价其诊疗效果，为肝癌热消融治疗提供一种新手段。

Thermal ablation such as radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation is an important option for the treatment of HCC, and our clinical findings showed that improving local ablation therapeutic range and precision became difficult and hot in HCC treatment. Photothermal therapy (PTT) as a non-invasive thermal ablation technique, which can realize the selective killing of cancer cells, can reduce the normal cell and tissue injury. Reduced graphene oxide photothermal therapy was identified to be effective in the tumor therapy, but RGO cannot be an independent imaging and no ability of active targeting. Our previous study suggested that targeted nanoscale microbubbles were ideal ultrasound molecular probes and visible targeted therapy carriers due to their characteristics of ultrasound imaging, gene carriers and ultrasound-activated gene release. This study intends to regard skilled in preparation of nanoscale microbubbles and reduced graphene oxide as the premise, over-expressed GPC3 receptors of hepatomacell membranes as the target, PLGA as the shell material and Cy7 as the luminescent material, and synthesize the complex of hepatoma glypican 3 antibody targeted PLGA- Cy7 nanoscale microbubbles with reduced graphene oxide. The nanoscale microbubbles are both photothermal therapy agents and contrast agents with ultrasound - fluorescence bi-modal imaging, combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction(UTMD) to realize targeted RGO delivery , which can monitor real-time photothermal therapy and realize the visible photothermal therapy. It is expected that novel ultrasound-fluorescence bi-modal targeted nanoscale microbubbles with reduced graphene oxide are prepared successfully, evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively the effect of targeted therapy and ultrasound molecular imaging in vivo and in vitro experiments, which provides a new method for visible photothermal therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.