氮沉降增加对陆地生态系统的影响是全球变化生态学研究的热点之一，但已有研究较少涉及荒漠生态系统。受气候变化、矿产开采和农田氮素大量使用等影响，新疆北部地区氮沉降明显增加。短命植物不仅是新疆北部荒漠植物区系的重要组成成分和维持生态系统稳定性的重要贡献者，还是对气候变化极为敏感的类群以及研究植被对气候变化响应的理想材料。本项目以新疆北部荒漠植被中的春季优势类型一年生短命植物为研究对象，选择6种分布范围广且在氮素利用方式上存在差异的豆科和非豆科植物为研究材料，通过模拟氮沉降添加，比较研究物候、植物生长和子代适合度等生活史特征的响应，以期明确二者施氮前/后生活史特征间的响应差异，解析这些差异的成因，揭示二者响应氮沉降增加的生态效应。研究成果可为全面揭示荒漠植物生活史特征对氮沉降增加的响应机制积累重要理论资料，还可为预测氮沉降增加对新疆北部荒漠植物种群及其群落动态与植被演替的潜在影响提供数支撑。

The influence of increased nitrogen deposition on terrestrial ecosystems is one of the focuses in global change ecology. However, there are few studies involved desert ecosystem. Due to climate change, mineral exploitation, the heavy use of fertilizers in farmland and other factors, the nitrogen deposition increased significantly in northern Xinjiang. Ephemeral plant is not only an important component of the desert flora and an important contributor to ecosystem stability in northern Xinjiang, but also a plant species which is sensitive to environmental change and a kind of ideal material for studying the response of vegetation to environmental change. In this project, six leguminous and non-leguminous annual ephemerals with different nitrogen utilization modes were selected, which are the spring dominant groups in northern Xinjiang desert plant communities. By comparing the life history traits, such as the phenology, vegetative and reproductive growth traits, and offspring fitness of leguminous and non-leguminous annual ephemerals under the nitrogen added conditions, we intend to confirm their differences of the life history traits response to increased nitrogen deposition and analysis of the causes of these differences, and revealing their ecological effects in response to increased nitrogen deposition. The research results can not only provide an important theoretical basis for the study of the life history characteristics of the desert plants response to the increase of nitrogen deposition, but also can provide theoretical support for the prediction of the effects of nitrogen deposition on the population and community dynamics of desert plants in northern Xinjiang.