联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(cART)是目前AIDS防治的主要手段。早期cART是最有望实现功能性治愈的方法，但其实现治疗后控制的机制尚不完全清楚。肠道微生物与宿主免疫系统相互作用，维持机体正常生理功能。HIV-1感染引起肠道微环境及微生物组显著改变，而肠道微生物组变化与疾病进程及非AIDS综合征相关。cART对HIV-1感染慢性期病人肠道微生物组的作用有限，早期治疗对肠道微生物组有何影响国内外还未见报道。我们前期研究发现SIV慢性感染也导致中国猕猴肠道微生物组及微生物网络显著改变。本研究拟在已建立的SIV感染早期治疗猕猴模型基础上，应用宏基因组测序检测肠道微生物组变化，采用流式细胞术、ELISA、qPCR技术检测免疫学、病毒学及生化指标，分析早期治疗对肠道微生物组的影响及肠道微生物组与治疗效果的关联性，从肠道微生物组方面解析早期治疗的功效，阐释微生物组对疗效的影响，为AIDS治疗策略提供依据。

Now, AIDS is also one of biggest risks for public health, and cART is also major strategy to AIDS therapy. Early therapy with cART which can make 5%-15% of HIV-1 patients to post treatment controller is most potential approach to achieve functional cure, and now the mechanism of its is still unknown. Gut microbiota plays an important role in remodeling host immune system and the latter strictly controls gut micro biota. The appropriate interaction between host immune system and gut microbiome is rigorous to maintain normal physiological function. HIV-1 infection alters the gut microenviroment and microbiota which associate with progression of AIDS and non-AIDS defining diseases. It was reported that cART has few effects on gut microbiota in HIV-1 chronic infected patients. However, there is no report about alteration of gut microbiota during or after early treatment. In our early study, we found similar to HIV-1 chronic infection, SIVmac239 chronic infection also caused significant alteration of gut microbiota and microbe network. In this study, we hypothesize that the gut microbiota may be properly maintained in individuals who successfully control the virus replication after early cART and alterations of gut microbiota may relate to therapeutic effects. Then we use SIVmac239-infected and cART early treated-Chinese rhesus macaque model to study the effects of early treatment on gut microbiota and correlations between therapy of cART and gut microbiota through metagenome sequencing of 16s RNA genes, flow cytometry, ELISA and qPCR in order to provide theoretical basis for new HIV-1 therapy strategies.