捕获烟气中二氧化碳的多孔固体强碱新材料

针对烟气排放温度下高效捕获CO2的需求，研制优化排布-分散高比例活性组分的固体碱新材料，使之既能快速接触CO2而发生反应进行捕获，又能降低逆反应所需高温、释放CO2而再生，还能具有结构稳定性以应对循环使用的需求。拟选择氧化镁为主要活性组分、控制它的分布和表面性质：减轻介孔硅分子筛等支撑体的自重并提高分散量，结合原位镀饰、微晶嵌插和外延生长等技术引入氧化镁并控制其分散状态；调控微胶囊型介孔硅的结构，分隔储存氧化镁以及氧化钙等组分以捕获烟气里的CO2。提出氧化镁可控成孔-包藏氧化钙等其它组分的固体强碱研制新思路，提升在较高温度下捕获CO2的效率。在不同流量、403-473 K温度区间研究CO2捕获剂的性能，考察模拟烟气里水蒸气、SOx和/或NOx对于捕获剂的总捕获-去除能力和实验室条件下循环使用的影响。为攻克排放烟气中CO2由于温度过高而难以被吸附去除的难题提供实验依据，形成独立知识产权。

Combustion of fossil fuels emits huge amounts of carbon dioxide, contributing to global climate changes. Therefore it is necessary to trap CO2 from flue gas. However, most of CO2-capture methods, including commercial liquid amine, carbon-based adsorbent and amine-modified mesoporous materials are carried out at relative low temperature, generally below 373 K, but the temperature of flue gas vent usually exceeds 423 K, which also makes zeolites and hydrotalcite are flaccid. Thus, it is crucial to develop new functional material to trap CO2 from flue gas at high temperature. .To meet the exigent requirement of capturing the CO2 in flue gas vent, new functional materials with the optimized structure and high activity as well as the convenient regeneration will be designed and fabricated in this investigation, in order to trap CO2 quickly but release CO2 at tolerable higher temperature, along with a high stability for recycle uses. Magnesia is chosen as the main component to fabricate the new efficient CO2 capturers through various particular methods: it will be in situ coated on the special mesoporous silica host that has the thin pore wall through the well-connected procedures, resulting in the new composite with plenty of the high dispersed and active MgO guest nano-particles. Alternatively, the guest MgO and/or CaO nano-particles will be wrapped/capsules in the silica hosts such as micro-capsules to capture and release CO2 target within the geometrically confined microenvironment, keeping the high dispersion of the guest in recycle use. Other strategy is to directly synthesize the porous or hollow micro-spheric magnesia through peculiar assembly procedures, elevating the accessibility of basic active sites and promoting the capture of CO2 through wrapping other active species such as CaO, which is the formidable challenge facing not only the capture of CO2 but also the fabrication of porous solid strong basic materials. .Apart from the studies in synthesis, the actual performance of new CO2-capturer will be assessed around 423 K with different gas flux along with various temperatures, and the influences of impurity in gas stream such as SO2, NOx and moisture are analyzed, in order to provide some candidates for controlling the CO2 pollution in the flue gas with a relatively high temperature. Besides, one aim of our research is to get patent in synthesis of new basic functional materials.