长期单施化肥显著降低土壤磷酸单酯酶基因丰度与多样性，改变其群落组成，不利于土壤有效P持续供应。添加有机物料可以维持土壤生产力及作物产量，但对土壤磷酸单酯酶基因及其转录群落会否产生正向影响及其作用机制如何尚待深入研究。本项目以长期（>20年）单施NPK肥试验地土壤为供试土壤，采用盆栽试验方法，应用高通量测序技术，结合生物信息学与统计学分析，以单施NPK及NPK加生石灰（pH 6.5）处理为对照，研究不同有机物料（常规粪肥，秸秆及生物炭）添加在植物不同生长时期对土壤磷酸单酯酶基因及转录丰度、群落多样性与组成的影响；通过与植物P吸收、土壤、微生物群落及组成等特征参数建立偏相关关系网络与结构方程模型等分析，探讨土壤磷酸单酯酶基因及其转录群落变化的主要驱动因子；通过DNA（基因）、mRNA（转录）与酶活性（翻译）多水平解析，揭示有机物料添加对长期化肥单施土壤磷酸单酯酶基因及转录群落的修复机制。

Long-term chemical fertilizations alone would cause a significant decrease in the abundance and diversity of phosphomonoesterase genes as well as a change in genes communities, which is detrimental to P bioavailability in soils. Addition of organic materials could maintain soil productivity and crop yield. However, whether and how addition of organic materials could benefit phosphomonoesterase genes and their transcripts communities still need further investigations. In this project, we would use soils from a continuously cropped corn field with long-term (>20 years) NPK fertilization to set up pot experiments. Phosphomonoesterase genes and their transcripts would be captured in different fertilization pots (NPK alone, NPK with lime (pH 6.5), livestock manure+NPK, straw+NPK, and biochar+NPK) at different plant growth stages by high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR. Combining bioinformatic and statistical approaches, all the sequencing data would be linked to plant P uptake, soil properties and microbial communities through partial correlation networks and structure equation models, and thereby identifying the main drivers. Based on the analyses at multiple levels, including DNA (gene), mRNA (transcription) and enzyme activity (translation), the mechanisms of modifying the phosphomonoesterase genes and their transcripts communities in long-term mineral fertilized soils through addition of organic materials would be revealed.