科尔沁沙地是三北防护林工程建设核心区，防护林建设使其生态环境得到极大改善，但同时也出现了以防护林衰退、防护效应不能正常发挥的严重问题；究其原因，防护林的气候适应机制不清，进而造成防护林建设与实际气候条件不符是问题的关键。然而，由于决定防护林建设成败的最根本、最重要的气候要素——气温和降水量数据不足，影响了防护林气候适应机制研究、不能满足防护林建设精准规划需求。为此，本项目拟利用地面调查与多源遥感数据相结合的方法，探索科尔沁沙地高时空分辨率（日，1 km）气温和降水量估算方法，确定长时间序列生长季气温和降水量的时空格局；探讨防护林衰退与气候要素的关系，明确主要防护林树种的气候适应机制；开展现有防护林气候适应性评价，提出科尔沁沙地防护林建设精准气候区划方案。研究结果不仅为科尔沁沙地防护林经营与管理提供理论与技术支撑，更可为三北防护林建设发展方向、合理布局及可持续经营提供新的方法与参考。

The Horqin Sandy Land (HSL) is one of the key areas in the implementation of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP). The establishment of shelter forests has played a significant role in improving regional environments, but some problems, such as the decline of shelter forests and the limitation of the potential protective effects of shelter forests, have come up recently. The major reasons for these problems are that the acclimation mechanisms of shelter forests to climatic factors are not well understood, consequently, the TNSFP implementation has not been in strict accordance with the local climate conditions. However, the lack of air temperature and precipitation data, which are two key environmental/site factors determining the success of afforestation in arid and semiarid areas, causes the difficulties in the research on the acclimation mechanisms of the shelter forests to climatic factors precisely. Therefore, based on the combination of ground survey with multi-source remote sensing data, the specific objectives of this project are as follows: 1) to explore the methods for estimating air temperature and precipitation at high spatial (1 km grid) and temporal (daily) resolution, respectively, and confirm the spatial and temporal patterns of air temperature and precipitation of the growing season in long sequences (2000-2015); 2) to discuss the relationship between the decline of shelter forests and climatic factors, and define the acclimation mechanisms for the main tree species of shelter forests; 3) to evaluate the acclimation, and propose the precision climatic regionalization for shelter forests in the HSL. The results obtained in this project certainly provide theoretical basis and technical support for shelter forest management in the HSL, and especially provide a new method and reference case for the development direction, rational distribution and sustainable management of the TNSFP.