三维纳米金属铁氰化物膜的电化学选择性分离放射性铯研究

核工业核燃料处理过程以及原子能发电站会产生大量的高释热核裂变产物铯137(Cs)。由于Cs的溶解性高，易于在水环境中迁移，半衰期长且易扩散迁移，是一种处理难度高、人体危害大的环境污染物。在当今资源日益消耗、其他新型能源效率低、暂时无法替代传统火力发电的情况下，开发有效处理含137Cs放射性废水技术是安全利用核能亟待解决的重大研究课题。本项目基于金属铁氰化物对Cs离子的氧化还原能力，开发纳米金属铁氰化物3D电极膜，通过导入一种电池反应柱式离子分离法，用于Cs选择性分离。该方法通过控制电压范围，提高对Cs的选择性；通过控制电压方向，实现Cs吸附和脱附，解决金属铁氰化物的再生问题。此项技术既可满足紧急需求，应对突发性事故导致的核污水处理，也可用于核电厂发电以及其他核工业中产生的废液处理。课题立项符合维护国家能源与环境安全的战略需要，将为核污水处理电膜分离技术发展提供基础数据，相关理论及技术支持。

The development of power industrial and some other nuclear activities has caused a critical environmental hazard: large scale release of radiocesium, since 137Cs is among the main fission product in radioactive wastes. Due to its high solubility, Cs can be mobile in various hydrosphere environments. The long half-life of 137Cs, about 30.5 years, makes it an obstinate environmental contamination, which causes.long term threat of radiation exposure to public health. However, there is no substitution can take the place of nuclear power, even the new generation energy, in the ages of shortage of sources. In order to well utilize the nuclear power safely, there is an urgent need to find solutions to lower such environment hazard..On the basis of that transition metal hexacyanoferrates (MHCFs) are preferred to be competitive ion exchangers for Cs over other materials, the current research proposes a novel battery type column system using a nanoparticle membrane of MHCFs for selectively separating cesium from wastewater. This system will be used for Cs separation without extra chemical reagents or any filtration treatment. Cs uptake and elution will be controlled by switching the applied potentials between anodes and cathodes. The enhancement of selectivity and the regeneration problem will be also solved by modulating the applied voltages between them. The system is deemed to satisfy both emergent needs, like the accidental release of radionuclides in Japan 3.11 (2011), and general purposes dealing with wastewater from power and some other nuclear industries. The aim of this study is to meet the strategic need of national energy and environmental security, providing basic data, theoretical mechanism and technical support for the development of electromembrane separation technology in the treatment of actual nuclear wastewater treatment.