玉米种子不同组织和亚细胞器老化响应的蛋白质组和翻译后修饰蛋白质组分析

种子老化是种子贮藏过程中不可避免的事件。种子老化导致萌发能力下降或者成苗的失败，给农业生产带来巨大的经济损失。在种质资源保存中，老化还会导致植物遗传多样性的丢失。尽管大量的研究探讨了种子的老化机制，关于种子老化的根本原因仍旧不清楚。我们推测种子老化可能引发多种蛋白修饰，致使蛋白功能丧失，进而导致种子活力降低；同时，种子不同组织部位或者亚细胞器对老化可能存在不同的响应。为验证上述设想，本项目以玉米种子为材料，集成细胞学，生理学和蛋白质组学相关技术，从组织和亚细胞两个水平，研究种子老化过程中，1) 细胞和亚细胞结构的变化; 2) 活性氧和脂质过氧化产物的时空变化特征以及3) 总蛋白和各种修饰蛋白，包括糖基化、磷酸化、羰基化和S-亚硝基化修饰蛋白的时空变化特征，旨在探明种子老化响应的最关键部位及其相关分子机制，为有针对性地解决贮藏过程中种子的老化问题提供重要的理论依据和技术支撑

Seed ageing is an unavoidable process during seed storage. Seed ageing will decrease germinability of seeds or result in failure of seedling establishment, which brings huge economic loss into agricultural production. In addition, seed ageing will cause loss of genetic diversity during conservation of plant germplasm resources. Although a large number of studies have investigated seed ageing, the causes of seed ageing are still unclear. We hypothesized that seed ageing will cause various types of protein posttranslational modification, which affect protein function and seed vigor. In addition, different organ or subcellular organelle may have different response to seed ageing. To validate our assumption, this project will use maize seeds as materials and combine cytological, physiological and proteomics techniques to investigate 1) the change of cellular and subcellular structure; 2) the temporal and spatial change of reactive oxygen species and lipid oxidation products and 3) the temporal and spatial change of total proteins and posttranslational modified proteins, including glycosylated, phosphorylated, carbonylated and S-nitrosylated proteins during seed ageing at the organ and subcellular levels. It aims to find the key organ or subcellular organelle in response to seed ageing and clarify its responsive mechanisms. The results will provide the theoretical references and technical supports for solving the problem of seed deterioration during storage.