黄河封河主要属于立封，其次为平封。因此黄河至少存在三类典型冰，即由热力主导的平整含气泡纯净冰；动力主导的堆积冰；动力和热力联合主导的冰花再冻结的含泥沙冰。以往黄河冰预测预报、遥感遥测使用的均为纯净冰基本参数，这类冰物理和力学性质曾做过较为系统研究，但黄河含泥沙和气泡冰的关键物性参数处于空缺，成为提升和突破黄河冰研究的瓶颈。选择黄河冰期不同时段，在黄河的典型直道、弯道和水文站，利用沿程视频、无人机高光谱、激光雷达和冰下水文、冰面气象、全光谱辐照仪和全站仪等获取黄河冰的形成过程；反演冰层等效介电常数和多光谱反照率；定期取样分析冰花特点、泥沙晶核；取样分析冻结后冰的晶体类型、气泡和泥沙含量；取样测试冰导热系数。利用上述数据，建立冰物理参数与冰导热系数、介电常数、反照率之间的实验关系；并将水文气象和地理环境所控制的黄河冰类型联合起来。研究成果可提供黄河冰基本科学参数，为冰凌研究提供科学支撑。

The Yellow River ice covered areas are firstly accumulated ice and secondly thermal growth ice. Therefore there are at least three types of ice in the Yellow River, namely, clean level ice with air bubbles dominated by thermodynamic growth, pile-up ice dominated by dynamic accumulation, and ice with clay frozen by ice frazil dominated by current and thermal growth. In the past, the basic parameters of ice study used for remote sensing and detection techniques and for ice numerical modelling and prediction in the Yellow River were from thermal growth ice which physical and mechanical properties have been studied systematically. However, at present obtaining the key properties of ice with bubbles and clay are the bottleneck of study of Yellow River ice. For this reason, the proposal will study ice formation processes that were captured using video, airborne multi-spectral and lidar, current and temperature below ice, weather on the ice, full spectrum and total station in the straight and curve watercourse and Hydrologic Stations at different time during ice period. We will calculate the ice equivalent dielectric constant and multispectral albedo, sampling and analyzing the ice frazil and clay termly, the crystal type, air bubbles, and clay content in ice as well as the thermal conductivity of ice are also conducted. Based on the data, the relationship between ice physical parameters and ice thermal conductivity, dielectric constant and albedo are established, which are linked to the hydro meteorology and ice type controlled by geography environment. The research results are expected to provide basic Yellow River ice parameters, and basement support for China river ice studies.