青海湖禽流感病毒动态流行及病毒多样性研究

青海湖是中亚迁徙路线上众多水禽的重要栖息地和繁殖地，在禽流感病毒的传播中扮演重要角色。2005年，青海湖爆发了大规模高致病性H5N1禽流感疫情，此后十余年青海湖发生了数次高致病性禽流感疫情，是疫情高发的热点区域。青海湖禽流感流行的监测工作持续有十余年，然而，以往的研究工作存在时间跨度短、病原范围窄、系统性不强和研究队伍不稳定的局限。申请人2015-2018年持续在青海湖监测禽流感的流行并获得了大量科研数据，本研究在前期基础上，拟运用经典鸟类学和病毒学和转录组测序等方法，更深入的研究：1）青海湖水鸟的数量、分布与其生存环境之间的关系；2）青海湖水禽中禽流感病毒及其它禽病毒的动态流行规律；3）重要水鸟病毒-病毒之间相互作用及病毒组结构特征；4）高原鼠兔在禽流感生态链的作用。通过本研究，将进一步揭示青海湖不同宿主和物种在疾病传播中的作用，掌握疾病的变化趋势和病原体的变异规律。

Qinghai Lake is an important habitat and breeding wetland for many waterfowl on the Central Asian flyway, and plays an important role in the spread of avian influenza viruses. In 2005, a large-scale outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses occurred among wild waterfowl in Qinghai Lake. Since then, several outbreaks in birds caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza have been recorded in Qinghai Lake in the past ten years, suggesting it is a hot spot of high incidence of avian influenza. After 2005, researchers focus on the circulation of avian influenza virus in Qinghai Lake. However, there are still some limitations such as short duration and a lack of system. During 2015-2018, we performed surveillance for the AIVs and acquired first hand data. Based on this, this study will do more systematic and in-depth research by using classical ornithology, virology, transcriptome sequencing methods, and aims to understand: 1) Relationship between the number and distribution of waterfowl in Qinghai Lake and their living environment; 2) Dynamic circulation of avian influenza virus and other avian viruses in waterfowl in Qinghai Lake; 3) Virus-virus interaction and viral structure in wild waterfowl; 4) The role of plateau pikas in the circulation of avian influenza viruses. This study will further reveal the role of natural hosts in spreading pathogens, and gain insight into the changing trend of diseases and the mechanisms of pathogens variation.