翻译延伸过程在基因表达和蛋白质合成质量控制中有重要作用。该过程同时调控了蛋白质的产量和功能。翻译延伸过程由多个顺式作用元件协同调控。这些元件分别位于遗传信息的不同层面，并作用于翻译延伸的不同步骤。尽管对单个元件的调控作用已有许多研究，然而多个元件间的协同调控机制仍不清楚。本项目拟对大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母的基因组、蛋白质组、RNA结构组和翻译组数据进行生物信息学分析，并构建荧光报告系统，以研究多个调控元件在基因中的相关性和对翻译延伸暂停的共同作用；从而在多个尺度上阐明翻译延伸中多个元件的协同作用模式，以及对基因表达和蛋白质合成质量控制的协同调控机制。在前期工作中，申请人已初步探明了两种多元件协同作用的机制，其中一种涉及密码子使用和RNA结构的机制调控了翻译延伸过程中RNA结构能否在核糖体经过后重新折叠。本项目将提升我们对翻译延伸调控的理解，并促进其在疾病研究、生物工程和合成生物学等领域的应用。

Translation elongation plays an important role in gene expression and quality control of protein synthesis. It regulates both the quantity and quality of protein. Several cis-acting elements control the translation elongation process. These elements are encoded at different layers of genetic information and influence different steps of translation elongation. Although the individual effect of each element has been intensely studied, the cooperation between multiple elements is still far from well understood. In this study, by bioinformatically analyzing the genome, proteome, RNA structurome and translatome data from Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as constructing and applying a fluorescence reporter system, we plan to investigate the correlation between the occurrences of elements and their coeffect on translation pauses; and, thus, demonstrate how multiple elements co-regulate translation elongation, gene expression and quality control of protein synthesis. We already have 2 observations regarding the cooperation between multiple elements, one of which is supposed to regulate the refolding of RNA structures unwound by translating ribosome. With this study, we aim to shed light on the regulatory mechanism of translation elongation, and hence promote its application in disease research, bioengineering, and synthetic biology.