开发低成本的高性能钠离子电池对大规模电化学储能具有重大的战略意义。针对理论比容量高的合金类储钠负极材料动力学缓慢、体积效应导致的容量急剧衰减问题，本项目采用浮动催化法制备、碱活化刻蚀构筑内腔通畅、管壁具有分级孔结构的掺氮定向碳纳米管阵列，以此为基体，用溶液浸渍法并结合还原技术在其孔道内负载活性纳米颗粒，形成高占比的金属（Sn,Sb）/分级孔掺氮定向碳纳米管复合材料。基体优异的导电性、定向性及丰富的分级孔特点，使复合体系形成快速的电子、离子传输网络；基体孔道的物理限域及掺氮原子对活性颗粒的化学键合作用，有效防止活性物质的粉化失效，获得高比容量、长寿命的储钠负极材料。阐明复合材料结构的形成机制，寻求分级孔分布及复合结构的有效调控方法。重点探索碳纳米管孔道对活性物质的限域机制，为合金类储钠负极材料的进一步深入研究奠定坚实的理论基础，也为其它存在体积效应问题的储钠／钾负极材料的研究提供思路和指导。

The development of sodium ion battery with high performances and low cost is of great strategic significance for large scale electrochemical energy storage. The alloy anode material with high specific capacities exists the problems of sluggish electrochemical dynamics and sharp fading of specific capacity which results from the volume effect during charging and discharging. To address its two drawbacks, in this project, nitrogen-doped aligned carbon nanotubes arrays (HNACNTs) with rich hierarchical pores in the tube walls and unhindered cavities are prepared through floating catalytic method and activated with KOH. The metal nanoparticles are loaded in the pore canals of HNACNTs through solution impregnation method and reduction technique so as to form the active metal (Sn,Sb)/ HNACNTs composites with a high proportion of active materials. By virtue of the excellent conductivity and orientation, rich hierarchical porosity of carbon matrix, an excellent electron and ion transportation network can be formed in the composite system. At the same time, the physical confinement effect of pore canals in the matrix and bonding interaction of nitrogen and metals effectively prevent active materials from pulverizing and losing electrochemical activity. Therefore, the anode material for SIB with high specific capacities and long life can be obtained. The structure formation law of composite material is investigated, and the effective methods of controlling hierarchical pores distribution and composites structure are sought, respectively. The confinement mechanism of the pore cannals to metal active materials is importantly explored. It will lay a solid theoretical foundation for further research of alloy anode materials for sodium storage. It also provides ideas and lessons for the research of other similar electrode materials for sodium／potassium ion batteries with the problem of volume effect.