固体强场电离的阿秒测量与操控研究

在超高时间分辨率下探索物质内部电子的超快动力学行为与过程，是理解材料、物理、化学、生物等科学领域中众多现象的关键。然而，与气体情况相比，固体电子的发射过程受到更多复杂因素的影响，使得在阿秒时间精度下对固体强场电离的理论和实验研究都遇到了巨大的挑战。本项目拟利用阿秒干涉技术实现对金属光电子发射时间的阿秒精度测量，结合量子数值模型揭示固体能带结构、平均自由程等固体属性对固体光电子发射特性影响的物理规律。在此基础上进一步研究不同固体强场电离机制下的电离效率标度定律、电子发射速度与空间分布特性。通过对固体电离电子发射特性的深刻理解，结合光场时域与空间调控手段，实现固体电离电子在阿秒时间-纳米空间尺度上的可控发射。这些研究将推动阿秒时间分辨的固体电离电子测量与操控技术的发展并激发新应用。

Probing ultrafast dynamic behaviors and processes of electrons inside matters with ultrahigh time resolution is the key to understand many phenomena in material science, physics, chemistry and biology. However, in contrast to the case of gaseous medium, electron emission from solids is affected by much more complicated factors, resulting in huge challenges for both theoretic and experimental investigations of strong-field ionization in solids with attosecond time resolution. This project plans to employ attosecond interferometric technique to measure emission time of photoelectrons from metals with attosecond resolution, and reveal the physical influence of solid properties such as band structure and mean-free path on the emission properties of photoelectrons from solids with the help of quantum-mechanical numerical model. Furthermore, we extend to investigate the scaling law of ionization probability, the velocity and spatial distributions of emitted electrons within different strong-field ionization mechanisms in solids. Having deep insights into the emission properties of electrons ionized from solids, we plan to achieve controllable emission of electrons ionized from solids on attosecond-time and nanometer scales by means of tailoring the light-field in time and space domain. These studies will advance attosecond-time resolved measurement and control techniques of electrons ionized from solids and motivate novel applications.