为进一步研究北方旱耕古农业特点，本项目选择仰韶文化遗址古耕层为研究对象，从微观鉴别和宏观复原两个角度，探究古人类耕作内容以及生产规模。微观鉴别以土壤微形态方法为主，分析粗粒质和细粒质，观察土壤形成物和生物遗迹，统计分析团聚体粒径和微结构特征，结合碳酸钙、全磷和全氮、孢粉和植硅体、扫描电镜分析，探究古耕作方式和农田管护程度。宏观复原利用三维激光扫描仪对古耕层所在地层剖面进行外部扫描，同时依据网格法利用土钻对剖面内部不同地层的深度和厚度数据进行采集，基于扫描和采集数据，建立古耕层三维模型，并赋予土壤微观和农耕文化属性，从而完成真三维模型构建。基于土壤特征得出的耕作方式和三维模型中计算的耕作面积，获知耕作任务量，通过对考古资料的分析和居住遗迹的考察，获知人口状况，从而探究所需农业劳动力。该研究不仅实现了古耕层土壤、空间、文化特征的定量化记录和展现，还将促进北方原始农耕文化的系统整理和研究。

To further study the characteristics of dry farming ancient agriculture in North China. This project selects the ancient arable layer of Yangshao Cultural Site as the research object, from the perspective of micro-identification and macro-recovery, exploring the content and scale of ancient human cultivation. Microscopic identification is mainly based on soil micromorphology, analyzing of coarse and fine grain, observing soil formations and biological remains, statistical analysis of aggregate size and microstructure characteristics, combining with analysis of calcium carbonate, total phosphorus, nitrogen, pollen and phytolith, scanning electron microscope, to explore ancient tillage methods, the degree of farmland management and protection and its effect on soil development. Macroscopic recovery mainly uses a three-dimensional laser scanner to scan the stratum profile within the ancient arable layer. At the same time, the depth and thickness data of different stratum in the profile are collected by using an earth drilling system according to the grid method. Based on scanning and collecting data, A three-dimensional model of ancient tillage layer is established, which is endowed with attributes of microcosmic soil and framing culture. Thus, a true three-dimensional model can be constructed. Based on the soil characteristics and the three-dimensional model, the tillage pattern and the cultivated area are obtained respectively, the amount of farming tasks are deduced. By analyzing the archaeological data and the investigation of residential relics, the population of the site is deduced. Thus, the agricultural labor force needed for the site is calculated. This study not only realizes the quantitative record and display of soil, space and cultural characteristics of the ancient arable layer, but also promotes the systematic arrangement and research of primitive farming culture in North China.