中国木生银耳种质资源及分子系统学研究

木生银耳属Tremella真菌是我国重要食药用真菌，其中银耳Tremella fuciformis是我国重要栽培品种，占世界总产的95%以上。我国对木生银耳资源多样性研究非常不全面，依旧停留在传统的形态研究阶段，分子系统学研究尚未开展，致使该属一些物种鉴定不准确。另外，我国森林类型丰富，为木生银耳生长提供极有利条件，中国的木生银耳很多种类尚未发现或未认识，因此有必要结合现代分子技术对我国木生银耳进行系统全面的研究，澄清其种类多样性，发现一些更具栽培价值的新种类、中国新记录种或新品种。本项目拟对我国木生银耳属真菌展开全面的资源调查和研究，综合宏观、微观特征和生态习性，运用分子系统学手段，对其进行准确分类和科学鉴定，更正过去一些物种鉴定错误，阐述我国木生银耳物种多样性和分布，发现新物种、新记录种或新品种，丰富我国食用菌资源，为我国食用菌产业的可持续发展奠定重要基础。

The wood-inhabiting Tremella are important edible and medicinal fungi in China. Tremella fuciformis is one of the mainly cultivated species in China and its productivity account for more than 95% of the world's output. The study on the diversity of the Chinese wood-inhabiting Tremella is insufficient, which still stays in the stage of traditionally morphological taxonomy, and molecular phylogeny of Chinese Tremella is not yet carried out resulting in inaccurate identification of some species in the genus. China is rich in forest resources which provide favorable conditions for Tremella species growing, and it is very possible that some unknown taxa of Tremella exist in Chinese forests. It is therefore that systematic and comprehensive survey on the wood-inhabiting Tremella is very necessary for clarifying species diversity and finding some new cultivated varieties. In this project, we will conduct a comprehensive investigation on Chinese wood-inhabiting Tremella fungi, and all Chinese wood-inhabiting Tremella will be systematically studied based on macroscopic, microscopic characters, ecological habits and molecular phylogenetic analyses. As a result, the diversity and distribution of the wood-inhabiting Tremella fungi will be demonstrated, and some new taxa, Chinese new records or new cultivated varieties. These results will enrich Chinese edible fungal resources and provide important data for the development of edible mushroom industry in China.