广义黑耳属资源、系统发育及“亚东黑耳”人工栽培研究

广义黑耳属Exidia s.l.真菌是木耳目中重要的胶质类大型真菌，包括黑耳属Exidia、片黑耳属Myxarium和胶刺耳属Tremellochaete。该类真菌既包含具有重要经济价值的野生食药用菌如“亚东黑耳”等，也包含一些具毒种类如胶黑耳等，但是国内外对该类真菌缺乏系统研究和全面认识，尤其是我国对该类真菌认识非常浅薄，并且“亚东黑耳”作为重要野生珍稀食药用菌尚未实现人工栽培。本项目拟开展广义黑耳属真菌的资源、系统发育及“亚东黑耳”人工驯化栽培研究，综合其形态特征、多基因分子数据、菌株培养特性、生态习性及分布等信息，进行准确鉴定，明确世界范围内广义黑耳属真菌的物种多样性及系统发育关系，澄清过去一些同物异名或复合种，发现新的分类单元（新属和新种），挖掘国内包括“亚东黑耳”等更多的、具有应用价值的野生食药用菌资源，并初步开展“亚东黑耳”人工栽培研究，为我国食药用菌产业可持续发展提供新资源。

The Exidia s.l. macrofungi, including the genera Exidia, Myxarium and Tremellochaete, are important gelatinous species in Auriculariales. The species in these three genera incorporates some wild edible and medicinal fungi, e.g. “Yadongheier” with important economic value, and poisonous mushroom, e.g. Exidia glandulosa etc. However, systematic and comprehensive study on Exidia s.l. is not carried out in the world, especially in China, and “Yadongheier” is not artificially cultivated although it is considered as important precious and rare fungus. In this project, we will study on the resources and phylogeny of Exidia s.l., and artificial cultivation of “Yadongheier” will be carried out. The species of Exidia s.l. will be accurately identified based on its morphological characteristics, multiple genetic data, strain culture characteristics, ecological habits and distribution, and the global diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Exidia s.l. will be performed. During the research, some synonyms or species complex will be clarified, and some new taxa (new species or genus) will be found. More wild edible and medicinal fungi including “Yadongheier” with application value will be discovered and the artificial domesticating cultivation of “Yadongheier” will be preliminarily demonstrated, which will supply new resources for promoting the sustainable development of edible and medicinal fungi industry in China.