阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是最常见的睡眠呼吸紊乱疾病，常导致认知功能损害。申请人前期研究发现OSA患者存在多个认知相关脑区及脑网络异常。持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗能改善OSA患者大部分认知损害，但部分认知损害持续存在。据此我们推测，CPAP治疗后OSA患者脑网络功能未恢复到正常基线水平，但CPAP治疗对认知损害的OSA患者脑网络的调控机制仍不清楚。基于前期结果，本项目拟采用纵向随访设计方案，对OSA患者治疗前及治疗后各个时间节点开展：1）联合结构和静息态功能磁共振技术，研究OSA患者多时点的脑网络变化特征及其与临床认知功能的相关性；2）尝试首次应用扩散基组光谱成像（DBSI）定量评价脑白质微结构变化，探索认知功能重塑的脑结构基础；从而从神经网络角度提供OSA患者认知损害的相关病理生理机制信息，以及CPAP治疗对脑网络调控机制的证据，为促进影像学表征对临床诊疗及预后评估提供理论依据。

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-breathing disorder and often leads to cognitive impairment. Our previous studies have detected dysfunction in multiple cognitive related brain regions and networks in OSA patients. Numerous studies have confirmed that CPAP therapy can improve most cognitive deficits, but some cognitive impairment still exist. Thus, we suppose that the brain network function of OSA patients has not recovered to normal baseline levels after CPAP therapy, however, the regulatory mechanism of CPAP therapy on brain networks in cognitive impaired OSA patients remains unclear. Based on previous results, this program is designed with a longitudinal follow-up study of OSA patients before and at different time points after CPAP therapy: 1）Combining structural and resting-state functional MRI to explore the brain network changes at multiple time points and the correlation with clinical cognitive function in OSA patients; 2）Applying diffusion basis spectrum imaging for the first time to quantitatively assess microstructure changes of white matter, exploring the structural foundation of cognitive function remodeling; thus providing basic information of related pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in OSA patients from the perspective of brain networks, as well as providing evidence of regulation mechanism of CPAP treatment on brain network, promoting to provide theoretical basis for objective diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation through imaging characterization.