根据WHO结核病报告，结核病（TB）已经连续3年超过艾滋病成为全球第一传染病杀手，并且由于耐药结核流行等原因，使其全球防控形势更加严峻。巨噬细胞是抵御结核分枝杆菌（MTB）感染的主要屏障，但作为兼性胞内菌的MTB，已进化出多种对抗巨噬细胞的免疫逃逸策略。巨噬细胞与MTB的相互作用结果很大程度上决定了结核病的病程转归，而非编码RNA则可能在其中发挥重要功能。全面解析非编码RNA免疫调节机制网络，无疑对于深入揭示抗结核免疫的精细调控机制以及结核病病程发展规律具有极其重要的意义。本项目拟借助高通量测序技术，绘制感染MTB的巨噬细胞中lncRNA和miRNA的全景式表达图谱，构建非编码RNA免疫调控网络，并探究它们与“MTB感染”和“MTB菌株毒力”的内在调控规律。我们还将进一步借助实验对可能发挥关键作用的非编码RNA进行功能解析，为结核病的临床诊断、预防及治疗研究提供理论基础及新思路。

According to WHO tuberculosis (TB) reports, TB has exceeded HIV as the leading lethal infectious disease globally for three consecutive years. Due to the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis, the global situation of tuberculosis control is austere. Macrophage is the major defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). As a facultative intracellular bacterium, in particular the highly virulent strains, MTB nevertheless have evolved a variety of evasion strategy against host macrophage immune system. The course of tuberculosis was largely determined by the interactions between MTB and macrophages. In this process, non-coding RNAs may play an important role. Comprehensive analysis of non-coding RNA immune regulation network is very important for thoroughly investigating the exquisite regulation mechanism of the immune system against MTB and the disease development. Through high throughput sequencing technology and other related technologies, this project aims to screen the panoramic expression profiling of the lncRNAs and miRNAs, construct the immune regulatory network of non-coding RNAs, and further explore their internal regulation related to "MTB infection" and "MTB virulence". Finally, we will excavate and experimentally verify the functions of potential non-coding RNAs which may play key roles in the regulation network, and thus provide powerful theoretical support and a new resolution for clinical diagnosis, prevention and treatment on tuberculosis.