小麦条锈菌的周年循环区是小麦条锈菌毒性变异的重要区域。近年来，青海冬小麦播种面积不断增加，区域内条锈病的发生危害程度随之加剧，大量的越夏菌源能够在东部麦区正常、稳定越冬，完成周年循环。相对于越夏，越冬是青海小麦条锈病周年循环中最为关键的环节。本项目围绕越冬菌源在病害流行中作用这一科学问题，采用病情系统调查、分子技术实时动态监测、群体遗传策略评估、高空风场分析等技术与方法，结合病菌、寄主、地理、气象信息等影响因子，综合分析条锈菌在青海的越冬及其对本地和域外条锈病流行的影响。预期结果将从传统、分子流行学和群体遗传学的角度阐明青海省越冬小麦条锈病菌源在病害流行中的作用，明确越冬菌源的作用时间、作用范围、传播路径，将对其在青海条锈病菌源区及其在我国流行区系中的作用有新的认识，可为青海乃至全国菌源区的治理提供必要的科学依据。

The wheat production area where stripe rust occuring thoroughly all seasons is the critical area for the virulence variation of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal regent of wheat stripe rust. With the acreages of winter wheat increasing in the Qingai province recent years, the frequencies and disease acreages of stripe rust has been dramatically increasing, which resulting in the over-summer inoculum infect the fall-sowing winter wheat, survive over winter and keep pathogen alive all seasons in the eastern Qinghai. The pathogens over-wintering survive is an important stage for stripe rust complete annual disease cycle in Qinghai. The objectives of this study will be systemically investigating stripe rust occurrence in the eastern Qinghai and the adjunct wheat growing areas, monitoring pathogen survive in over-wintering wheat leaves by real-time PCR, accessing genetic differentiation among the pathogen populations collecting from the different temporal and spatial scales, analyzing patterns of pressure, winds and precipitation in the eastern Qinghai and adjunct areas. We will integrate the methodologies and technologies of disease epidemiology, molecular biology, population genetics and meteorology to analyze rust pathogen survive over-wintering and the impact of its inoculum to local and adjunct areas, and to determine the time period and geological range of over-wintering inoculum and the paths of the inoculum spreading after winter. The results will unveil the roles of over-wintering inoculum in disease epidemic in Qinghai and adjunct areas and be used for stripe rust management in Qinghai and other similar epidemic zones in China.