嫩江流域是东北亚重要的古文明起源地之一，也是多个古民族的发祥地。考古学研究表明该流域具有鲜明的自身文化传统和完整的早期文化发展序列，但对于创造这一文明的古人类的组成和来源研究却是空白，同时东北古民族的族源问题也一直是多学科争论的热点。本研究在已有的中原和东北南部西辽河地区古人群研究的基础上，以嫩江流域青铜文化发展鼎盛阶段且具有明确民族属性的汉书文化墓葬出土的古人类样本为研究对象，使用新一代测序技术，结合自行设计的捕获方法，测定古样本的线粒体基因组和Y染色体非重组区全序列，以确定高分辨率的古人群母系和父系组成谱系；重建青铜时代嫩江流域与同一时期周边考古文化人群以及该流域现存人群的系统发生关系；探明古人群的组成成分与来源；为探讨嫩江流域史前文化的形成与发展、该地域古民族的起源以及现存人群的形成与分化奠定基础。

Nenjiang region is one of the cradle of human civilization and ancient ethnic groups in Northeast Asia. The archeaological study showed that the ancient human in this region created regional culture with obvious geographical characteristics and developed an integrated early culture sequence. The compositions and sources of ancient population who created this civilization are still unclear, and the origin of ancient ethnic groups has been a hot topic of multidisciplinary debate.Based on the study of ancient population lived in the middle plain and Weat Liao River Region in the Southern of northeat China, we collected the ancient samples from the archeaological sites belonged to the Hanshu Culture, which is the heyday in the Bronze Age, and has explicit ethnic property. The ancient human mitochondrial and Y chromosome genome will be tested by the genomic techniques in order to determine the high-resolution maternal and paternal lineages; reconstruct the phylogenetic relationship among ancient and extant populations in Nenjiang region and surrounding areas, and ultimately speculation the source of ancient nenjiagn region population. The study can offer important informatoin to explore the formation and development of prehistorical culture, origin of regional ethnic groups and evolution, and formation and differentiation of extant human populations in the Nenjiang region.