当前中国仍有将近700万留守儿童（民政部，2018），他们发展受阻很大程度上源自于长期亲子分离、情感交流缺失，导致不安全的依恋，进而引发心理健康与行为问题。可喜的是，最新研究表明依恋的安全性是可以明显改善的，儿童期可塑性尤为突出。网络和媒介技术的发展为解决亲子远程沟通、补偿情感缺失、提升依恋安全水平提供了契机。然而，并非所有的沟通都是积极有效的，识别哪些内容和方式能带来“媒介补偿”，成为研究的突破口。此外，学校作为留守儿童触手可及的社会支持系统，能否与家庭形成合力、促进依恋改善，也是本研究关注的重点。本研究从媒介补偿的内涵与测量出发，探索媒介沟通与儿童依恋的模式；采用追踪设计挖掘媒介补偿改善依恋的路径与边界条件；基于研究发现设计干预实验，验证干预的短期与长期效果。本研究有助于提升留守儿童的身心发展，降低在外务工人员的焦虑，缓解家庭与社会矛盾；并为“家校协同”的攻坚工作提供可行的媒介实践。

There are seven million “left-behind” children in China. They suffer from long-term separation with parents, resulting in inadequate affective commutations, and in turn, forming insecure attachment. Although insecure attachment is deemed responsible for mental and behavioral issues among “left-behind” children, recent studies showed that security are highly plastic, especially during childhood. Moreover, the development of Internet and media technology provide multiple solutions (i.e., mediated communication) for enhancing virtual parent-child communication as well as compensating affective interactions. However, not all the mediated communication is constructive. As such, determining what content and which manner can facilitate affective compensation for the “left-behind” children become the start point of this research. Furthermore, as primary school is the most proximal social support system, the collaboration between parents and school are highly relevant in promoting media compensation..Taken together, study 1 probes the concept and measurement of media compensation by distinguishing between active communication and passive communication. Study 2 investigates the mechanism of media compensation for improving attachment security with a longitudinal design. Study 3 first forms an intervention program by integrating the finding of study 1 & 2, then carries out and tests the effects of intervention. These findings aim to improve “left-behind” children’s attachment security, decrease parents’ anxiety, as well as mitigate conflicts caused by the urban-rural structure. These findings can also offer a practical solution to facilitate the collaboration of school and family in terms of media compensation.