脂肪重积聚（adiposity rebound，AR）发生时间在世界范围内呈提前趋势，个体AR时相提前是终生代谢性疾病的早期危险因素，而其对童年期代谢风险因子的预测意义有待进一步阐明。本研究以先期建立的包括3 171名单胎活产儿的马鞍山优生优育队列（MABC）为基础，继续追踪随访3年，每6个月测量身长/身高、体重、体成分等指标，在4.5～6岁时检测血脂、血糖、血压、炎性因子等代谢风险因子，描述AR时相提前的现状及其性别差异；采用巢式病例对照研究设计，以4岁前出现AR儿童为病例，1:1选取同性别、年龄相差±1个月内的儿童为对照，分析AR时相提前与母亲孕期增重、出生体重、母乳喂养和婴儿期身长体重增加的关联；探讨AR时相提前及AR发生时BMI/脂肪量水平独立和联合作用对4.5～6岁时代谢风险因子的影响，以揭示AR时相提前和AR时相提前时高BMI/脂肪量水平联合效应能否较好预测儿童代谢风险

The timing of the adiposity rebound (AR) gradually shifted to earlier ages throughout the world; early AR is possible associated with the development of metabolic disease for life. It needs further research to discover the predictive effects of early AR on metabolic risk factors in childhood. Based on Ma’anshan Birth Cohort Study (MABC), a total of 3 171 singleton children, will befollowed up for 3 years consecutively. Length/height, weight and body composition will be collected every six months, and blood sampling and measurement of plasma lipids, blood sugar, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), inflammatory factor will be performed between the ages of 4.5 and 6. The prevalence of early AR and gender differences will be described. A nested-case-control study will be carried out. Children with AR before age 4 years will be included in the case group, while healthy control will be selected through 1:1 matching by age and gender. The associations between weight gain in pregnancy, birth weight, breastfeeding, length and weiight gain in infant and early AR, as well as the independent and joint effect of early AR and BMI/fat mass at the time of AR on metabolic risk factors between the ages of 4.5 and 6 will be examined. This study hoped to reveal whether joint effect of early AR and high BMI/fat mass at the time of AR could better predict metabolic risk in children.