金刚线切割硅废料制备多孔硅基纳米杂化负极材料及其储锂性能研究

硅基负极材料体积膨胀大、导电性差而引发的一系列问题成为当前其研究和应用面临的主要挑战。本项目从学科交叉视角入手，立足资源综合回用，采用廉价太阳能硅切割废料为硅源，利用低成本纳米金属辅助化学刻蚀（MACE）结合表面改性及碳化包覆技术，实现比容量高、稳定性能好的新型多孔硅/纳米金属/碳基复合负极材料（PSi/Nano-M/C）的制备。系统研究MACE刻蚀参数对硅废料中杂质脱除、多孔结构引入和纳米金属尺寸和分布的影响规律，厘清表面改性和球磨碳化工艺对PSi/Nano-M/C复合材料结构、组成以及储锂性能之间的内在联系，探明新型复合负极材料结构、物性与其电化学性能之间的构效关系，从本质上揭示其高效嵌脱锂机制。最终建立起金刚线切割硅废料制备高性能新型硅碳基负极材料的新方法和新理论，为光伏产业高纯硅切割废料的增值回用提供新思路，为推动低成本、高性能锂离子电池技术的进步贡献智慧和力量。

A series of problems caused by large volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity of silicon-based materials have greatly restricted its application in lithium battery anode. Based on the interdisciplinary perspective and comprehensive recycling of waste resources, this project puts forward using cheap solar silicon cutting waste as silicon source, combining nano-metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) technology and the surface modification and the ball mill carbon coating technology to realize the preparation of new type porous silicon/nano-metal/carbon (PSi/Nano-M/C) anode hybrid material with high capacity and excellent circulation performance. The effects of MACE parameters on impurities removal, porous structure and nano-metal particles size and distribution in kelf-loss silicon bulk are carefully investigated. The effect of surface modification and ball mill conditions on the structure, composition and lithium storage performance need to be studied. And then, building the structure-performance relationship between PSi/Nano-M/C structure, composition and the electrochemical lithium storage performance, it can essentially reveal synergic mechanism of improved electrochemical performance of new PSi/Nano-M/C material. The project aims to establish new methods and theory about the preparation of silicon carbon hybrid material with excellent lithiation/delithiation performance based on the silicon cutting waste. This work can provide new ideas for reusing high purity silicon cutting waste in PV industry and can make a contribution to advance technologies on fabrication of low-cost, high-performance lithium-ion battery anode material.