硝酸盐污染已严重影响地下水水质，威胁人类饮水安全，污染控制势在必行。以低价铁为电子供体、硝酸盐为电子受体的硝酸盐型厌氧铁氧化（NAIO）是微生物学和地质学领域的重大发现，已有多篇论文发表于Nature和Science上。NAIO原位修复技术是自养生物脱氮技术，以来源大宗的铁素替代碳素（有机物），实用且安全。但迄今为止，基于NAIO的地下水硝酸盐污染原位修复技术鲜见报道。探索高效NAIO菌富集方法、NAIO装置集成方式和NAIO系统运行性能，可创建地下水硝酸盐污染原位修复新技术；探索典型工况下水力流动性状、污染物迁移转化性状和微生物生长代谢性状，可明晰NAIO技术的过程特性；探索基质转化、菌群演替、功能菌/基因/酶动态及其与脱氮效能的关系，可揭示NAIO技术的工作机理。本项目不仅有助于推动地下水硝酸盐污染治理，也有助于丰富氮-铁生物地球化学循环内容，兼具科学意义和实用价值。

Nitrate contamination of groundwater is an increasingly serious environmental problem around the world, which has shown great threats to human health. Nitrate-dependent anaerobic iron oxidation (NAIO) is a biological process utilizing iron, including zero-valent and ferrous iron, as electron donor to convert nitrate to nitrogen gas under anoxic conditions. NAIO is a significant discovery in the field of microbiology and geology, and several papers have been published in journals of Nature and Science. The in-situ bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater based on NAIO is an autotrophic biological technology, and takes the wide-spread agent of iron to substitute organic matters as electron donor, which contributes to the safe and practical advantages. So far, however, little information is available on the application NAIO process, especially in the field of in-situ bioremediation of groundwater contaminated by nitrate. It’s necessary to set up a project with aims: 1) to investigate the enrichment method of high-efficient NAIO microorganisms, the device of NAIO system and the NAIO performance to create the novel in-situ bioremediation technology for nitrate-contaminated groundwater. 2) to investigate the device hydraulic properties, the contaminants conversion and migration and microbial growth and metabolism to comprehend the NAIO process characteristics. 3) to investigate the relationships between NAIO kinetics, microbial succession, functional bacteria/gene/enzyme and nitrate removal to reveal the NAIO working mechanisms. Such a project can offer an opportunity to create a novel in-situ bioremediation technology for groundwater contaminated by nitrate, and also help to promote the study of biogeochemical cycles of iron and nitrogen.