南水北调受水区地下水资源风险分析及综合管理研究—以天津市为例

南水北调受水区地下水长期大面积超采，水文地质和生态环境问题突出，随着南水北调工程建设通水，将对受水区地下水改善带来契机。本项目以天津市为研究区，根据天津市地下水功能区划成果，结合南水北调受水区供水范围，辨析出供水范围内功能区地下水开发利用的风险因子，构建地下水功能区风险评价体系，评估出地下水开发利用风险。地下水风险区域通过南水北调水源转换，实施地下水压采，达到降低地下水开发利用风险的目的。利用构建的地下水水文地质模型，定量分析南水北调水源转换对地下水风险影响大小，通过调控中短时段因子，尤其调整地下水资源开发利用方式，获得适宜的地下水调控方案。地下水调控的落实，必须有严格的地下水管理，将地下水调控方案通过水文地质模型确定出地下水关键控制水位，结合地下水观测井，实现对地下水水量水位双控管理，并采用绩效考核保证管理的有效实施。本项目的实施可为地下水综合管理提供有效的技术支持。

Due to over exploitation of groundwater in the South-to-North Water Benefited Areas, a series of hydrogeology and ecological environment problems are caused. With the South-to-North Water Diversion Project supplying water, the condition of groundwater in benefited areas will be changed. This project took Tianjin city as the study area, screened out the risk factors of groundwater development and utilization and built the risk evaluation system of the functional zoning in the scope of water supply, based on the division result of groundwater functional zoning, combining the scope of water supply in the South-to-North Water Benefited Areas. Through the water source change of South-to-North Water Diversion Project and groundwater exploitation control in the groundwater risk areas, the risk of groundwater development and utilization was reduced. This project analyzed the effect of water source change on groundwater risk quantitatively by the built hydrogeology model, and decided the reasonable groundwater control schemes through adjusting the factors of medium and short period, especially the way of groundwater development and utilization. The strict groundwater management was the key of groundwater control. Based on the groundwater key control level of different schemes determined by the hydrogeology model, combining with the data of the groundwater observation wells, the double control management of groundwater quantity and level would be implemented, and its effectiveness would be ensured by performance appraisal. The implementation of this project could provide technical support for integrated management of groundwater.