甑皮岩古人类洞穴遗址文化层位于地下水的季节变动带中。在原富硫酸盐的地下水环境中，叠加生活污染带来的有机质，推测发生细菌硫酸盐还原，导致碳酸盐岩加速溶蚀的风险增大。本研究将揭示溶洞发育的岩溶含水层中细菌硫酸盐还原发生的机制，评估还原产物对遗址保护的影响。鉴于污染物的迁移和降解受到岩溶形态的控制，为此利用高分辨率地下水分层测温和钻孔电视成像技术，定位活跃裂隙管道并开展地下水分层监测，掌握控制污染物迁移转化的水动力条件和化学环境。通过含水层的SRB细菌检测、分层水化学分析、有机质组分分析以及CO2和H2S气体测试，研究硫酸盐还原程度和有机质降解产物的标志物。通过野外溶蚀试验和室内溶蚀模拟实验，探索硫酸盐还原对加速碳酸盐岩溶蚀的作用。研究结果不仅为岩溶地下水污染风险评价和防治提供新的视角,为岩溶形成或洞穴发育理论提供新认识，也将有助于建立遗址保护的风险评估方法，对类似地质条件区文物保护有参考价值。

The cultural accumulation of Zengpiyan site in Guilin is located in the groundwater seasonal fluctuation zone of a cave-dominated karst aquifer. Being in an original groundwater environment of sulfate contamination, the site is found to have bearing more organic matter from domestic waste. It is deduced that bacterial sulfate reduction could probably occur, resulting in increasing risk of carbonate dissolution in the cultural accumulation. The project aims to reveal the mechanism of bacterial sulfate reduction in a cave-dominated karst aquifer, and to evaluate the impact of reduction products on relics protection. In consideration of pollutant migration and transformation in the aquifer are controlled by karst media, it is crucial to find the active moving pathways of solute transport because the contaminant plume is very heterogeneities in the aquifer. However, the common methods of hydrogeological tests and geophysical exploitation are limited for contaminant survey in karst aquifers. Therefore, a multi-layer monitoring and sampling technique will be used in the borehole to find active fractures and conduits, combining with high precision groundwater temperature logging and downhole CCTV surveys. Through these, we can understand the hydrodynamic condition and its biogeochemical environment in the aquifer, which is important to know the fate of contaminants. By means of SRB bacterial detection, hydrochemical analysis from multi-layer sampling, gas collection and testing for CO2 and H2S, the degree of bacterial sulfate reduction and the biomarker of organic matter degradation products are studied. Carbonate dissolution test in the field and simulation experiment with different scenarios are two ways to measure the carbonate dissolution rate and to evaluate the weathering capacity of contaminants. Overall this project tries to uncover the fate of sulfate and organic matter under the circumstance of anaerobic condition in karst aquifer, focusing on finding the function of H2S on the acceleration of carbonate dissolution. The results will provide a new view of risk assessment and prevention for karst groundwater pollution and strategies for protection, and new understanding in karst formation and cave enlargement. Likewise, it will be useful in risk assessment and early warning system for Zengpiyan cave relics protection, and it will be good references for other relics protection with the similar geological background.